Category:Team Spartan

Figure 7C indicates that asrR knockout mutants are more adherent to HT-29 cells than cells from the parental strain. As a result, asrR negatively regulates heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.

Figure 7B indicates that a biofilm is formed on polystyrene with an asrR knockout mutant, whereas the parental strain produces no biofilm. As a result, asrR negatively regulates biofilm formation on an inanimate substrate.

figure 2, part A, lane 2

Table 3 shows the five vancomycin sensitive and resistant genes that were identified in this study using PCR and known genetic sequencing of eneterococci species both from clinical and fecal isolates. The gel E gene was found to be present in a high percentage of vancomysin resistant enterococci species both in clinical isolates (44.4%) and fecal isolates (29.2%) compared to lower percentage isolates being vancomysin sensitive enterococci species. In comparing these percentages they were considered statistical significant allowing these researchers to conclude that the gel E gene that encoded for gelatinase which, is considered a cellular constituent, significantly contributed to these species being vancomycin resistant when compared to enterococci species that didn't as regularly contain the gel E gene being more vancomycin sensitive.

Fig. 4 shows production of VanX can be induced by different vancomycin concentrations. Expression of VanX is positively regulated in presence of vancomycin.

VanA is a ligase that binds D-Ala with D-Ala

Figure 3 shows bar graphs that contain data obtained from enzyme assays that measured the specific activity of the vanX gene at various levels of Vancomycin concentration. These graphs show that as the concentration of Vancomycin increases, the activity of vanX also increases. Since the concentration of the antibiotic effects the activity of the gene, it shows that the expression of vanX is increased as the concentration of Vancomycin increases.

The vanA gene in Enterococcus faecium encodes for D-alanine D-lactate ligase which promotes ester bond formation producing a new peptidoglycan within the cell. This peptidoglycan inhibits vancomysin binding being it is a glycopeptide antibiotic. The GO ID shows the cellular component assembly pathaway which is what the formation of a new peptidoglycan is thus creating Vancomycin resistance. The Pubmed article shows the study showing that vanA has been proven to contain antibiotic resistant properties in animals and when included in our diet, further promotes antibiotic resistant bacterial strains in humans

Figure 4 shows that VanR by itself expresses the operon constitutively, and the authors conclude that VanS works by inhibiting VanR in the absence of inducer

Figure 4 shows that VanR by itself expresses the operon constitutively, and the authors conclude that VanS works by inhibiting VanR in the absence of inducer