| unacceptable | HUMAN:DCD | 2017-03-26 12:36:02 CDT | GO:0042742 defense response to bacterium (P) | PMID:15670776 | ECO:0000314 direct assay evidence used in manual assertion | The antimicrobial activity of DCD-1, in the form of purified rDCD-1L, was assessed using a microbicidal assay in vitro against five different microorganisms. rDCD-1L was show to be active against E. coli CMCC(B)44102, P. sputita, S. aureus CMCC(B)26003, and S. aureus293 with 50% of bacteria killed at the concentrations of 1.8, 0.5, 8.2, and 17.8 μg/mL, respectively (Figure 5).
| challenge |
| unacceptable | HUMAN:CAMP | 2017-03-26 13:38:35 CDT | GO:0042742 defense response to bacterium (P) | PMID:16020269 | ECO:0000314 direct assay evidence used in manual assertion | The human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide can be cleaved into two peptides, one of which being the antibacterial peptide LL-37. The antibacterial activity of LL-37 against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Staphylococcus Aureus, and Staphylococcus Epidermidis was tested using an antibacterial assay. The results showed that at 100 μg/ml, LL-37 was completely bactericidal for all strains of PA, as shown in Figure 2. LL-37 also showed potent bactericidal activity against SA and SE with EC50 values being 1.6 ± 1.5 (n = 3) and 1.31.9 (n 3) μg/ml, respectively.
| challenge |
| unacceptable | HUMAN:D103A | 2017-03-26 14:35:54 CDT | GO:0042742 defense response to bacterium (P) | PMID:16436752 | ECO:0000314 direct assay evidence used in manual assertion | The bactericidal activity of hBD-3, an abbreviation of human beta-defensin 3 which is an alternative name for human beta-defensin 103, against various clinical isolates was evaluated by a liquid microdilution assay as shown in Figure 1. The results showed that hBD-3 used at a concentration of 4 μg/ml was bactericidal against A. baumannii (strain 3) after 3 min of incubation. hBD-3 used at a concentration of 8 μg/ml caused a bactericidal effect within 20 min of incubation against S. aureus (strain 3), E. faecium (strain 3), and P. aeruginosa (strain 3) and within 1 min against S. maltophilia (strain 4) and A. baumannii. At a concentration of 16 μg/ml, the peptide produced a bactericidal effect against S. aureus, E. faecium, P. aeruginosa, and S. maltophilia within 10, 20, 5, and 1 min, respectively.
| challenge |
| unacceptable | HUMAN:DEF5 | 2017-03-26 14:54:30 CDT | GO:0042742 defense response to bacterium (P) | PMID:9169780 | ECO:0000314 direct assay evidence used in manual assertion | The antibacterial activity of human intestinal defensin 5 was determined using an antimicrobial assay. Figure 1 shows the activity of human defensin 5, in the from of purified rHD-5, against the bacteria L. monocytogenes, E. coli ML35p, and S. typhimurium (wild type, closed symbols; phoP mutant, open symbols). In a concentration dependent manner, rHD-5 showed antibacterial activity against all three bacterial strains tested.
| challenge |
| updatedbyinstructor | HUMAN:DCD | 2017-04-08 21:01:57 CDT | GO:0051873 killing by host of symbiont cells (P) | PMID:15670776 | ECO:0000314 direct assay evidence used in manual assertion | Human dermicidin, DCD-1, has the ability to kill cells of other organisms. The antimicrobial activity of DCD-1, in the form of purified rDCD-1L, was assessed using a microbicidal assay in vitro against five different microorganisms. rDCD-1L was show to be active against E. coli CMCC(B)44102, P. sputita, S. aureus CMCC(B)26003, and S. aureus293 with 50% of bacteria killed at the concentrations of 1.8, 0.5, 8.2, and 17.8 μg/mL, respectively (Figure 5).
| challenge |
| unacceptable | HUMAN:DCD | 2017-04-08 21:08:59 CDT | GO:0002376 immune system process (P) | PMID:15670776 | ECO:0000314 direct assay evidence used in manual assertion | Human dermicidin, DCD-1, plays a role in immune system processes. The antimicrobial immune system activity of DCD-1, in the form of purified rDCD-1L, was assessed using a microbicidal assay in vitro against five different microorganisms. rDCD-1L was show to be active against E. coli CMCC(B)44102, P. sputita, S. aureus CMCC(B)26003, and S. aureus293 with 50% of bacteria killed at the concentrations of 1.8, 0.5, 8.2, and 17.8 μg/mL, respectively (Figure 5).
| challenge |
| unacceptable | HUMAN:DCD | 2017-04-08 23:51:07 CDT | GO:0016045 detection of bacterium (P) | PMID:15670776 | ECO:0000314 direct assay evidence used in manual assertion | Human dermicidin, DCD-1, has the ability to detect bacterial cells and express antimicrobial activity against them. The antimicrobial activity of DCD-1, in the form of purified rDCD-1L, was assessed using a microbicidal assay in vitro against five different microorganisms. rDCD-1L was show to be active against E. coli CMCC(B)44102, P. sputita, S. aureus CMCC(B)26003, and S. aureus293 with 50% of bacteria killed at the concentrations of 1.8, 0.5, 8.2, and 17.8 μg/mL, respectively (Figure 5).
| challenge |
| updatedbyinstructor | HUMAN:CAMP | 2017-04-08 21:36:59 CDT | GO:0051873 killing by host of symbiont cells (P) | PMID:16020269 | ECO:0000314 direct assay evidence used in manual assertion | Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide has the ability to kill the cells of other organisms. It can be cleaved into two peptides, one of which being the antibacterial peptide LL-37. The antibacterial activity of LL-37 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis was tested using an antibacterial assay. The results showed that at 100 μg/ml, LL-37 was completely bactericidal for all strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Figure 2). LL-37 also showed potent bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis with EC50 values being 1.6 ± 1.5 (n = 3) and 1.31.9 (n 3) μg/ml, respectively (Figure 2).
| challenge |
| unacceptable | HUMAN:CAMP | 2017-04-08 21:44:23 CDT | GO:0002376 immune system process (P) | PMID:16020269 | ECO:0000314 direct assay evidence used in manual assertion | Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide plays a role in immune system processes. It can be cleaved into two peptides, one of which being the antibacterial peptide LL-37. The antibacterial immune activity of LL-37 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis was tested using an antibacterial assay. The results showed that at 100 μg/ml, LL-37 was completely bactericidal for all strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Figure 2). LL-37 also showed potent bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis with EC50 values being 1.6 ± 1.5 (n = 3) and 1.31.9 (n 3) μg/ml, respectively (Figure 2).
| challenge |
| unacceptable | HUMAN:CAMP | 2017-04-08 21:50:59 CDT | GO:0016045 detection of bacterium (P) | PMID:16020269 | ECO:0000314 direct assay evidence used in manual assertion | Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide has the ability to detect bacterial cells and express antibacterial activity against them. It can be cleaved into two peptides, one of which being the antibacterial peptide LL-37. The antibacterial activity of LL-37 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis was tested using an antibacterial assay. The results showed that at 100 μg/ml, LL-37 was completely bactericidal for all strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Figure 2). LL-37 also showed potent bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis with EC50 values being 1.6 ± 1.5 (n = 3) and 1.31.9 (n 3) μg/ml, respectively (Figure 2).
| challenge |
| updatedbyinstructor | HUMAN:D103A | 2017-04-08 23:05:09 CDT | GO:0051873 killing by host of symbiont cells (P) | PMID:16436752 | ECO:0000314 direct assay evidence used in manual assertion | Human Beta-defensin 103, also known as human beta-defensin 3 (hBD-3), has the ability to kill cells of other organisms. The bactericidal activity of hBD-3 against various clinical isolates was evaluated by a liquid microdilution assay as shown in Figure 1. The results of that assay showed that hBD-3 used at a concentration of 4 μg/ml was bactericidal against A. baumannii (strain 3) after 3 min of incubation. hBD-3 used at a concentration of 8 μg/ml caused a bactericidal effect within 20 min of incubation against S. aureus (strain 3), E. faecium (strain 3), and P. aeruginosa (strain 3) and within 1 min against S. maltophilia (strain 4) and A. baumannii. At a concentration of 16 μg/ml, the peptide produced a bactericidal effect against S. aureus, E. faecium, P. aeruginosa, and S. maltophilia within 10, 20, 5, and 1 min, respectively.
| challenge |
| unacceptable | HUMAN:D103A | 2017-04-08 23:09:12 CDT | GO:0002376 immune system process (P) | PMID:16436752 | ECO:0000314 direct assay evidence used in manual assertion | Human Beta-defensin 103, also known as human beta-defensin 3 (hBD-3), plays a role in immune system processes. The bactericidal immune activity of hBD-3 against various clinical isolates was evaluated by a liquid microdilution assay as shown in Figure 1. The results of that assay showed that hBD-3 used at a concentration of 4 μg/ml was bactericidal against A. baumannii (strain 3) after 3 min of incubation. hBD-3 used at a concentration of 8 μg/ml caused a bactericidal effect within 20 min of incubation against S. aureus (strain 3), E. faecium (strain 3), and P. aeruginosa (strain 3) and within 1 min against S. maltophilia (strain 4) and A. baumannii. At a concentration of 16 μg/ml, the peptide produced a bactericidal effect against S. aureus, E. faecium, P. aeruginosa, and S. maltophilia within 10, 20, 5, and 1 min, respectively.
| challenge |
| unacceptable | HUMAN:D103A | 2017-04-08 23:14:19 CDT | GO:0016045 detection of bacterium (P) | PMID:16436752 | ECO:0000314 direct assay evidence used in manual assertion | Human Beta-defensin 103, also known as human beta-defensin 3 (hBD-3), has the ability to detect bacterial cells and express bactericidal activity against them. The bactericidal activity of hBD-3 against various clinical isolates was evaluated by a liquid microdilution assay as shown in Figure 1. The results of that assay showed that hBD-3 used at a concentration of 4 μg/ml was bactericidal against A. baumannii (strain 3) after 3 min of incubation. hBD-3 used at a concentration of 8 μg/ml caused a bactericidal effect within 20 min of incubation against S. aureus (strain 3), E. faecium (strain 3), and P. aeruginosa (strain 3) and within 1 min against S. maltophilia (strain 4) and A. baumannii. At a concentration of 16 μg/ml, the peptide produced a bactericidal effect against S. aureus, E. faecium, P. aeruginosa, and S. maltophilia within 10, 20, 5, and 1 min, respectively.
| challenge |
| updatedbyinstructor | HUMAN:DEF5 | 2017-04-08 23:29:20 CDT | GO:0051873 killing by host of symbiont cells (P) | PMID:9169780 | ECO:0000314 direct assay evidence used in manual assertion | Human intestinal defensin 5 has the ability to kill cells of other organisms. The antimicrobial activity of human intestinal defensin 5 was determined using an antimicrobial assay. Figure 1 shows the activity of human defensin 5, in the form of purified rHD-5, against the bacteria L. monocytogenes, E. coli ML35p, and S. typhimurium. In a concentration dependent manner, rHD-5 showed antibacterial activity against all three bacterial strains tested.
| challenge |
| unacceptable | HUMAN:DEF5 | 2017-04-08 23:41:24 CDT | GO:0002376 immune system process (P) | PMID:9169780 | ECO:0000314 direct assay evidence used in manual assertion | Human intestinal defensin 5 plays a role in immune system processes. The antimicrobial immune activity of human intestinal defensin 5 was determined using an antimicrobial assay. Figure 1 shows the activity of human defensin 5, in the form of purified rHD-5, against the bacteria L. monocytogenes, E. coli ML35p, and S. typhimurium. In a concentration dependent manner, rHD-5 showed antibacterial activity against all three bacterial strains tested.
| challenge |
| unacceptable | HUMAN:DEF5 | 2017-04-08 23:49:14 CDT | GO:0016045 detection of bacterium (P) | PMID:9169780 | ECO:0000314 direct assay evidence used in manual assertion | Human intestinal defensin 5 has the ability to detect bacterial cells and express antimicrobial activity against them. The antimicrobial activity of human intestinal defensin 5 was determined using an antimicrobial assay. Figure 1 shows the activity of human defensin 5, in the form of purified rHD-5, against the bacteria L. monocytogenes, E. coli ML35p, and S. typhimurium. In a concentration dependent manner, rHD-5 showed antibacterial activity against all three bacterial strains tested.
| challenge |
