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HUMAN:CAMP

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Species (Taxon ID) Homo sapiens (Human). (9606)
Gene Name(s) CAMP (synonyms: CAP18, FALL39)
Protein Name(s) Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide

18 kDa cationic antimicrobial protein CAP-18 hCAP-18 Antibacterial protein FALL-39 FALL-39 peptide antibiotic Antibacterial protein LL-37

External Links
UniProt P49913
EMBL Z38026
X89658
U19970
U48795
X96735
AY162210
AY251531
AF288284
CR457083
CR541961
BC055089
PIR I38932
S74248
RefSeq NP_004336.3
UniGene Hs.51120
PDB 2FBS
2FBU
2FCG
2K6O
2LMF
4EYC
PDBsum 2FBS
2FBU
2FCG
2K6O
2LMF
4EYC
DisProt DP00004
ProteinModelPortal P49913
SMR P49913
IntAct P49913
STRING 9606.ENSP00000296435
TCDB 1.C.33.1.10
DMDM 1706745
PaxDb P49913
PRIDE P49913
DNASU 820
Ensembl ENST00000576243
GeneID 820
KEGG hsa:820
CTD 820
GeneCards GC03P048264
HGNC HGNC:1472
HPA CAB015949
CAB016522
HPA029874
MIM 600474
neXtProt NX_P49913
PharmGKB PA26054
eggNOG NOG40811
HOGENOM HOG000093184
HOVERGEN HBG006116
InParanoid P49913
KO K13916
PhylomeDB P49913
TreeFam TF338457
Reactome REACT_121256
EvolutionaryTrace P49913
GeneWiki Cathelicidin
GenomeRNAi 820
NextBio 3356
PMAP-CutDB P49913
PRO PR:P49913
Proteomes UP000005640
Bgee P49913
CleanEx HS_CAMP
ExpressionAtlas P49913
Genevestigator P49913
GO GO:0042995
GO:0005618
GO:0005829
GO:0005615
GO:0070062
GO:0042581
GO:0019731
GO:0071347
GO:0071354
GO:0071222
GO:0071224
GO:0071356
GO:0042742
GO:0050829
GO:0050830
GO:0002227
GO:0051701
GO:0051873
GO:0044130
GO:0044140
GO:0090382
GO:0045766
GO:0008284
GO:0001934
InterPro IPR001894
IPR018216
IPR022746
PANTHER PTHR10206
Pfam PF12153
PF00666
ProDom PD001838
PROSITE PS00946
PS00947

Annotations

Qualifier GO ID GO term name Reference ECO ID ECO term name with/from Aspect Extension Notes Status
GO:0001934

positive regulation of protein phosphorylation

PMID:24085296[1]

ECO:0000266

UniProtKB:

P

Figure 1: Fisetin potentiation of HCN2 channels resembled the channel's regulation by cAMP, thereby suggesting that fisetin and cAMP may use similar mechanisms to stabilize the channel's open state

complete
CACAO 10706

GO:0042742

defense response to bacterium

PMID:16020269[2]

ECO:0000314

P

The human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide can be cleaved into two peptides, one of which being the antibacterial peptide LL-37. The antibacterial activity of LL-37 against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Staphylococcus Aureus, and Staphylococcus Epidermidis was tested using an antibacterial assay. The results showed that at 100 μg/ml, LL-37 was completely bactericidal for all strains of PA, as shown in Figure 2. LL-37 also showed potent bactericidal activity against SA and SE with EC50 values being 1.6 ± 1.5 (n = 3) and 1.31.9 (n 3) μg/ml, respectively.

complete
CACAO 12385

GO:0051873

killing by host of symbiont cells

PMID:16020269[2]

ECO:0000314

P

Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide has the ability to kill the cells of other organisms. It can be cleaved into two peptides, one of which being the antibacterial peptide LL-37. The antibacterial activity of LL-37 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis was tested using an antibacterial assay. The results showed that at 100 μg/ml, LL-37 was completely bactericidal for all strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Figure 2). LL-37 also showed potent bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis with EC50 values being 1.6 ± 1.5 (n = 3) and 1.31.9 (n 3) μg/ml, respectively (Figure 2).

complete
CACAO 12515

GO:0002376

immune system process

PMID:16020269[2]

ECO:0000314

P

Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide plays a role in immune system processes. It can be cleaved into two peptides, one of which being the antibacterial peptide LL-37. The antibacterial immune activity of LL-37 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis was tested using an antibacterial assay. The results showed that at 100 μg/ml, LL-37 was completely bactericidal for all strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Figure 2). LL-37 also showed potent bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis with EC50 values being 1.6 ± 1.5 (n = 3) and 1.31.9 (n 3) μg/ml, respectively (Figure 2).

complete
CACAO 12516

GO:0016045

detection of bacterium

PMID:16020269[2]

ECO:0000314

P

Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide has the ability to detect bacterial cells and express antibacterial activity against them. It can be cleaved into two peptides, one of which being the antibacterial peptide LL-37. The antibacterial activity of LL-37 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis was tested using an antibacterial assay. The results showed that at 100 μg/ml, LL-37 was completely bactericidal for all strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Figure 2). LL-37 also showed potent bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis with EC50 values being 1.6 ± 1.5 (n = 3) and 1.31.9 (n 3) μg/ml, respectively (Figure 2).

complete
CACAO 12517

involved_in

GO:0061844

antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide

PMID:12860195[3]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0042581

specific granule

PMID:12759353[4]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

C

part_of:(CL:0000775)

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0005615

extracellular space

PMID:12759353[4]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

C

part_of:(UBERON:0006530)

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0005615

extracellular space

PMID:18714013[5]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

C

part_of:(UBERON:0006530)

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0070062

extracellular exosome

PMID:23533145[6]

ECO:0007005

high throughput direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0070062

extracellular exosome

PMID:19056867[7]

ECO:0007005

high throughput direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

C

part_of:(UBERON:0001088)

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0050830

defense response to Gram-positive bacterium

PMID:12860195[3]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

occurs_in:(UBERON:0000317)

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0019731

antibacterial humoral response

PMID:12860195[3]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

occurs_in:(UBERON:0000317)

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0005615

extracellular space

PMID:12860195[3]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

C

part_of:(UBERON:0000317)

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0002227

innate immune response in mucosa

PMID:12860195[3]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

occurs_in:(UBERON:0000317)

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0061844

antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide

PMID:21873635[8]

ECO:0000318

biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion

MGI:MGI:108443
PANTHER:PTN000024620
UniProtKB:P49913

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0050830

defense response to Gram-positive bacterium

PMID:21873635[8]

ECO:0000318

biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion

MGI:MGI:108443
PANTHER:PTN000024620
RGD:1559878
UniProtKB:P22226
UniProtKB:P49913
UniProtKB:Q2IAL6
UniProtKB:Q2IAL7
UniProtKB:Q6QLQ5
UniProtKB:R4GJF1

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0050829

defense response to Gram-negative bacterium

PMID:21873635[8]

ECO:0000318

biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion

MGI:MGI:108443
PANTHER:PTN000024620
RGD:1559878
UniProtKB:P22226
UniProtKB:Q2IAL6
UniProtKB:Q2IAL7
UniProtKB:Q6QLQ5
UniProtKB:R4GJF1

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0045087

innate immune response

PMID:21873635[8]

ECO:0000318

biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion

MGI:MGI:108443
PANTHER:PTN000024620

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0042581

specific granule

PMID:21873635[8]

ECO:0000318

biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion

MGI:MGI:108443
PANTHER:PTN000024620
UniProtKB:P49913

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0005615

extracellular space

PMID:21873635[8]

ECO:0000318

biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion

MGI:MGI:105983
PANTHER:PTN000024620
RGD:1559878
UniProtKB:P49913

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

enables

GO:0001530

lipopolysaccharide binding

PMID:21873635[8]

ECO:0000318

biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion

PANTHER:PTN000024620
UniProtKB:Q2IAL7
UniProtKB:Q6QLQ5

F

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0051873

killing by host of symbiont cells

PMID:16177355[9]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0044140

negative regulation of growth of symbiont on or near host surface

PMID:16177355[9]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0042742

defense response to bacterium

PMID:21115716[10]

ECO:0000315

mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0005615

extracellular space

PMID:21115716[10]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0005576

extracellular region

GO_REF:0000002

ECO:0000256

match to sequence model evidence used in automatic assertion

InterPro:IPR001894
InterPro:IPR018216

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0006952

defense response

GO_REF:0000002

ECO:0000256

match to sequence model evidence used in automatic assertion

InterPro:IPR001894
InterPro:IPR018216

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0042742

defense response to bacterium

GO_REF:0000002

ECO:0000256

match to sequence model evidence used in automatic assertion

InterPro:IPR022746

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0061844

antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide

PMID:7529412[11]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0045087

innate immune response

PMID:7529412[11]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0019731

antibacterial humoral response

PMID:7529412[11]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0050829

defense response to Gram-negative bacterium

PMID:7529412[11]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0050830

defense response to Gram-positive bacterium

PMID:7529412[11]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0061844

antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide

PMID:12759353[4]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0061844

antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide

PMID:9182550[12]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0061844

antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide

PMID:17012259[13]

ECO:0000315

mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0061844

antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide

PMID:14978112[14]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0061844

antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide

PMID:20209079[15]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0035821

modification of morphology or physiology of other organism

PMID:23537644[16]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0061844

antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide

PMID:23537644[16]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0050830

defense response to Gram-positive bacterium

PMID:23537644[16]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0050829

defense response to Gram-negative bacterium

PMID:23537644[16]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:2000484

positive regulation of interleukin-8 secretion

PMID:14978112[14]

ECO:0000315

mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion

P

occurs_in:(CL:0000312)

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0050829

defense response to Gram-negative bacterium

PMID:14978112[14]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0001878

response to yeast

PMID:14978112[14]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0019732

antifungal humoral response

PMID:14978112[14]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0050830

defense response to Gram-positive bacterium

PMID:14978112[14]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0019731

antibacterial humoral response

PMID:14978112[14]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0045087

innate immune response

PMID:14978112[14]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0005615

extracellular space

PMID:14978112[14]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

C

part_of:(UBERON:0001089)

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0045087

innate immune response

PMID:12759353[4]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

occurs_in:(UBERON:0000996)

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0019731

antibacterial humoral response

PMID:12759353[4]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0050829

defense response to Gram-negative bacterium

PMID:12759353[4]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0050830

defense response to Gram-positive bacterium

PMID:12759353[4]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0002544

chronic inflammatory response

PMID:9182550[12]

ECO:0000315

mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion

P

occurs_in:(UBERON:0000014)

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0005615

extracellular space

PMID:20421939[17]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0061844

antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide

PMID:20421939[17]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0051838

cytolysis by host of symbiont cells

PMID:20421939[17]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0045087

innate immune response

PMID:9182550[12]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

occurs_in:(UBERON:0000014)

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0050830

defense response to Gram-positive bacterium

PMID:9182550[12]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

occurs_in:(UBERON:0000014)

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0050830

defense response to Gram-positive bacterium

PMID:17012259[13]

ECO:0000315

mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion

P

occurs_in:(UBERON:0000014)

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0045087

innate immune response

PMID:17012259[13]

ECO:0000315

mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion

P

occurs_in:(UBERON:0000014)

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0050829

defense response to Gram-negative bacterium

PMID:20209079[15]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0019731

antibacterial humoral response

PMID:20209079[15]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0050830

defense response to Gram-positive bacterium

PMID:20209079[15]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0045087

innate immune response

PMID:20209079[15]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0019732

antifungal humoral response

PMID:20209079[15]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0001878

response to yeast

PMID:20209079[15]

ECO:0000314

direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0042742

defense response to bacterium

PMID:8681941[18]

ECO:0000304

author statement supported by traceable reference used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:1904724

tertiary granule lumen

Reactome:R-HSA-6798745

ECO:0000304

author statement supported by traceable reference used in manual assertion

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0043312

neutrophil degranulation

Reactome:R-HSA-6798695

ECO:0000304

author statement supported by traceable reference used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0035580

specific granule lumen

Reactome:R-HSA-6798749

ECO:0000304

author statement supported by traceable reference used in manual assertion

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0019730

antimicrobial humoral response

Reactome:R-HSA-6803157

ECO:0000304

author statement supported by traceable reference used in manual assertion

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0005576

extracellular region

Reactome:R-HSA-6801687
Reactome:R-HSA-6798749
Reactome:R-HSA-6798745
Reactome:R-HSA-1222685

ECO:0000304

author statement supported by traceable reference used in manual assertion




C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

part_of

GO:0005576

extracellular region

GO_REF:0000037
GO_REF:0000039

ECO:0000322

imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion

UniProtKB-KW:KW-0964
UniProtKB-SubCell:SL-0243

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

involved_in

GO:0042742

defense response to bacterium

GO_REF:0000037

ECO:0000322

imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion

UniProtKB-KW:KW-0044

P

Seeded From UniProt

complete

Notes

References

See Help:References for how to manage references in GONUTS.

  1. Carlson, AE et al. (2013) Flavonoid regulation of HCN2 channels. J. Biol. Chem. 288 33136-45 PubMed GONUTS page
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Gordon, YJ et al. (2005) Human cathelicidin (LL-37), a multifunctional peptide, is expressed by ocular surface epithelia and has potent antibacterial and antiviral activity. Curr. Eye Res. 30 385-94 PubMed GONUTS page
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Tollin, M et al. (2003) Antimicrobial peptides in the first line defence of human colon mucosa. Peptides 24 523-30 PubMed GONUTS page
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Sørensen, OE et al. (2003) Processing of seminal plasma hCAP-18 to ALL-38 by gastricsin: a novel mechanism of generating antimicrobial peptides in vagina. J. Biol. Chem. 278 28540-6 PubMed GONUTS page
  5. Edström, AM et al. (2008) The major bactericidal activity of human seminal plasma is zinc-dependent and derived from fragmentation of the semenogelins. J. Immunol. 181 3413-21 PubMed GONUTS page
  6. Principe, S et al. (2013) In-depth proteomic analyses of exosomes isolated from expressed prostatic secretions in urine. Proteomics 13 1667-71 PubMed GONUTS page
  7. Gonzales, PA et al. (2009) Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 20 363-79 PubMed GONUTS page
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Gaudet, P et al. (2011) Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Brief. Bioinformatics 12 449-62 PubMed GONUTS page
  9. 9.0 9.1 Braff, MH et al. (2005) Keratinocyte production of cathelicidin provides direct activity against bacterial skin pathogens. Infect. Immun. 73 6771-81 PubMed GONUTS page
  10. 10.0 10.1 Augustin, DK et al. (2011) Role of defensins in corneal epithelial barrier function against Pseudomonas aeruginosa traversal. Infect. Immun. 79 595-605 PubMed GONUTS page
  11. 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Agerberth, B et al. (1995) FALL-39, a putative human peptide antibiotic, is cysteine-free and expressed in bone marrow and testis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 195-9 PubMed GONUTS page
  12. 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Frohm, M et al. (1997) The expression of the gene coding for the antibacterial peptide LL-37 is induced in human keratinocytes during inflammatory disorders. J. Biol. Chem. 272 15258-63 PubMed GONUTS page
  13. 13.0 13.1 13.2 Yamasaki, K et al. (2006) Kallikrein-mediated proteolysis regulates the antimicrobial effects of cathelicidins in skin. FASEB J. 20 2068-80 PubMed GONUTS page
  14. 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 Murakami, M et al. (2004) Postsecretory processing generates multiple cathelicidins for enhanced topical antimicrobial defense. J. Immunol. 172 3070-7 PubMed GONUTS page
  15. 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 Soscia, SJ et al. (2010) The Alzheimer's disease-associated amyloid beta-protein is an antimicrobial peptide. PLoS ONE 5 e9505 PubMed GONUTS page
  16. 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Wada, A et al. (2013) Alarin but not its alternative-splicing form, GALP (Galanin-like peptide) has antimicrobial activity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 434 223-7 PubMed GONUTS page
  17. 17.0 17.1 17.2 Papareddy, P et al. (2010) Proteolysis of human thrombin generates novel host defense peptides. PLoS Pathog. 6 e1000857 PubMed GONUTS page
  18. Gudmundsson, GH et al. (1996) The human gene FALL39 and processing of the cathelin precursor to the antibacterial peptide LL-37 in granulocytes. Eur. J. Biochem. 238 325-32 PubMed GONUTS page