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YEAST:SIR2
Contents
| Species (Taxon ID) | Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) (Baker's yeast). (559292) | |
| Gene Name(s) | SIR2 (synonyms: MAR1) | |
| Protein Name(s) | NAD-dependent histone deacetylase SIR2
Regulatory protein SIR2 Silent information regulator 2 | |
| External Links | ||
| UniProt | P06700 | |
| EMBL | X01419 Z71781 Z74090 BK006938 | |
| PIR | S05891 | |
| RefSeq | NP_010242.1 | |
| PDB | 2HJH 4IAO | |
| PDBsum | 2HJH 4IAO | |
| ProteinModelPortal | P06700 | |
| SMR | P06700 | |
| BioGrid | 32017 | |
| DIP | DIP-596N | |
| IntAct | P06700 | |
| MINT | MINT-509141 | |
| STRING | 4932.YDL042C | |
| BindingDB | P06700 | |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL3275 | |
| MaxQB | P06700 | |
| PaxDb | P06700 | |
| PeptideAtlas | P06700 | |
| PRIDE | P06700 | |
| EnsemblFungi | [example_ID YDL042C] | |
| GeneID | 851520 | |
| KEGG | sce:YDL042C | |
| CYGD | YDL042c | |
| SGD | S000002200 | |
| eggNOG | COG0846 | |
| GeneTree | ENSGT00740000115330 | |
| HOGENOM | HOG000191845 | |
| InParanoid | P06700 | |
| KO | K11121 | |
| OMA | PVKHAEF | |
| OrthoDB | EOG7MWH64 | |
| BioCyc | YEAST:MONOMER3O-4152 | |
| Reactome | REACT_205607 | |
| SABIO-RK | P06700 | |
| EvolutionaryTrace | P06700 | |
| NextBio | 968896 | |
| Proteomes | UP000002311 | |
| Genevestigator | P06700 | |
| GO | GO:0005677 GO:0000784 GO:0005720 GO:0005724 GO:0005730 GO:0030869 GO:0070403 GO:0017136 GO:0032041 GO:0046969 GO:0046970 GO:0008270 GO:0006333 GO:0000183 GO:0030466 GO:0006348 GO:0001300 GO:0006281 GO:0016575 GO:0070932 GO:0061647 GO:0070933 GO:0045910 GO:0008156 GO:0001302 GO:0006351 | |
| Gene3D | 3.30.1600.10 3.40.50.1220 | |
| InterPro | IPR029035 IPR007654 IPR003000 IPR026591 IPR026590 | |
| PANTHER | PTHR11085 | |
| Pfam | PF04574 PF02146 | |
| SUPFAM | SSF52467 | |
| PROSITE | PS50305 | |
Annotations
| Qualifier | GO ID | GO term name | Reference | ECO ID | ECO term name | with/from | Aspect | Extension | Notes | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0090344 |
negative regulation of cell aging |
ECO:0000315 |
P |
Fig.1(A)shows that sir2 the mutant strain demonstrated a severe reduction in mean life span(approx.50%). Fig.7(A)Overexpression of SIR2 extends the life span of W303R by approx.30%. |
complete | |||||
| GO:0031047 |
gene silencing by RNA |
ECO:0000315 |
P |
Figure 5 |
complete | |||||
|
involved_in |
GO:0097695 |
establishment of protein-containing complex localization to telomere |
ECO:0000315 |
mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion |
P |
has_input:(GO:0005697) |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
involved_in |
GO:0007062 |
sister chromatid cohesion |
ECO:0000315 |
mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
part_of |
GO:0000784 |
nuclear chromosome, telomeric region |
ECO:0000315 |
mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion |
C |
adjacent_to:(GO:0034399) |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
involved_in |
GO:0034398 |
telomere tethering at nuclear periphery |
ECO:0000315 |
mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
involved_in |
GO:0006303 |
double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining |
ECO:0000315 |
mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
involved_in |
GO:0006348 |
chromatin silencing at telomere |
ECO:0000315 |
mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
involved_in |
GO:0006348 |
chromatin silencing at telomere |
ECO:0000315 |
mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
involved_in |
GO:0030466 |
chromatin silencing at silent mating-type cassette |
ECO:0000315 |
mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
involved_in |
GO:0045910 |
negative regulation of DNA recombination |
ECO:0000315 |
mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
involved_in |
GO:1904524 |
negative regulation of DNA amplification |
ECO:0000315 |
mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
enables |
GO:0046970 |
NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H4-K16 specific) |
ECO:0000314 |
direct assay evidence used in manual assertion |
F |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
enables |
GO:0046969 |
NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H3-K9 specific) |
ECO:0000314 |
direct assay evidence used in manual assertion |
F |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
involved_in |
GO:0045910 |
negative regulation of DNA recombination |
ECO:0000316 |
genetic interaction evidence used in manual assertion |
SGD:S000005929 |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
enables |
GO:0032041 |
NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H3-K14 specific) |
ECO:0000314 |
direct assay evidence used in manual assertion |
F |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
contributes_to |
GO:0031491 |
nucleosome binding |
ECO:0000314 |
direct assay evidence used in manual assertion |
F |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
part_of |
GO:0030869 |
RENT complex |
ECO:0000314 |
direct assay evidence used in manual assertion |
C |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
involved_in |
GO:0030466 |
chromatin silencing at silent mating-type cassette |
ECO:0000315 |
mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
enables |
GO:0017136 |
NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity |
ECO:0000314 |
direct assay evidence used in manual assertion |
F |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
involved_in |
GO:0008156 |
negative regulation of DNA replication |
ECO:0000315 |
mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
involved_in |
GO:0006348 |
chromatin silencing at telomere |
ECO:0000315 |
mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
involved_in |
GO:0006333 |
chromatin assembly or disassembly |
ECO:0000314 |
direct assay evidence used in manual assertion |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
part_of |
GO:0005730 |
nucleolus |
ECO:0000314 |
direct assay evidence used in manual assertion |
C |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
part_of |
GO:0005724 |
nuclear telomeric heterochromatin |
ECO:0000314 |
direct assay evidence used in manual assertion |
C |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
part_of |
GO:0005720 |
nuclear heterochromatin |
ECO:0000314 |
direct assay evidence used in manual assertion |
C |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
part_of |
GO:0005677 |
chromatin silencing complex |
ECO:0000314 |
direct assay evidence used in manual assertion |
C |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
involved_in |
GO:0001302 |
replicative cell aging |
ECO:0000315 |
mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
involved_in |
GO:0001300 |
chronological cell aging |
ECO:0000315 |
mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
part_of |
GO:0000784 |
nuclear chromosome, telomeric region |
ECO:0000314 |
direct assay evidence used in manual assertion |
C |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
involved_in |
GO:0000183 |
chromatin silencing at rDNA |
ECO:0000315 |
mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
involved_in |
GO:0006325 |
chromatin organization |
ECO:0000316 |
genetic interaction evidence used in manual assertion |
SGD:S000002517 |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
enables |
GO:0070403 |
NAD+ binding |
ECO:0000318 |
biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion |
PANTHER:PTN000119154 |
F |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
enables |
GO:0046969 |
NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H3-K9 specific) |
ECO:0000318 |
biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion |
PANTHER:PTN000872240 |
F |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
enables |
GO:0045129 |
NAD-independent histone deacetylase activity |
ECO:0000318 |
biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion |
PANTHER:PTN000872240 |
F |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
part_of |
GO:0034967 |
Set3 complex |
ECO:0000318 |
biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion |
PANTHER:PTN000872240 |
C |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
enables |
GO:0034739 |
histone deacetylase activity (H4-K16 specific) |
ECO:0000318 |
biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion |
PANTHER:PTN000872240 |
F |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
enables |
GO:0032041 |
NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H3-K14 specific) |
ECO:0000318 |
biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion |
PANTHER:PTN000872240 |
F |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
part_of |
GO:0031618 |
nuclear pericentric heterochromatin |
ECO:0000318 |
biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion |
PANTHER:PTN000872240 |
C |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
contributes_to |
GO:0031491 |
nucleosome binding |
ECO:0000318 |
biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion |
PANTHER:PTN000872240 |
F |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
enables |
GO:0017136 |
NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity |
ECO:0000318 |
biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion |
FB:FBgn0024291 |
F |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
enables |
GO:0017136 |
NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity |
ECO:0000318 |
biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion |
FB:FBgn0024291 |
F |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
part_of |
GO:0005730 |
nucleolus |
ECO:0000318 |
biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion |
PANTHER:PTN000872240 |
C |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
part_of |
GO:0005724 |
nuclear telomeric heterochromatin |
ECO:0000318 |
biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion |
PANTHER:PTN000872240 |
C |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
part_of |
GO:0005720 |
nuclear heterochromatin |
ECO:0000318 |
biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion |
PANTHER:PTN000872240 |
C |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
part_of |
GO:0005677 |
chromatin silencing complex |
ECO:0000318 |
biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion |
PANTHER:PTN000872240 |
C |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
part_of |
GO:0000790 |
nuclear chromatin |
ECO:0000318 |
biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion |
PANTHER:PTN000872240 |
C |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
involved_in |
GO:0016575 |
histone deacetylation |
ECO:0000364 |
evidence based on logical inference from manual annotation used in automatic assertion |
GO:0017136 |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
involved_in |
GO:0016575 |
histone deacetylation |
ECO:0000364 |
evidence based on logical inference from manual annotation used in automatic assertion |
GO:0017136 |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
involved_in |
GO:0016575 |
histone deacetylation |
ECO:0000364 |
evidence based on logical inference from manual annotation used in automatic assertion |
GO:0017136 |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
involved_in |
GO:0016575 |
histone deacetylation |
ECO:0000364 |
evidence based on logical inference from manual annotation used in automatic assertion |
GO:0045129 |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
involved_in |
GO:0061647 |
histone H3-K9 modification |
ECO:0000364 |
evidence based on logical inference from manual annotation used in automatic assertion |
GO:0046969 |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
involved_in |
GO:0061647 |
histone H3-K9 modification |
ECO:0000364 |
evidence based on logical inference from manual annotation used in automatic assertion |
GO:0046969 |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
involved_in |
GO:0070932 |
histone H3 deacetylation |
ECO:0000364 |
evidence based on logical inference from manual annotation used in automatic assertion |
GO:0032041 |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
involved_in |
GO:0070932 |
histone H3 deacetylation |
ECO:0000364 |
evidence based on logical inference from manual annotation used in automatic assertion |
GO:0032041 |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
involved_in |
GO:0070933 |
histone H4 deacetylation |
ECO:0000364 |
evidence based on logical inference from manual annotation used in automatic assertion |
GO:0046970 |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
involved_in |
GO:0070933 |
histone H4 deacetylation |
ECO:0000364 |
evidence based on logical inference from manual annotation used in automatic assertion |
GO:0034739 |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
involved_in |
GO:1990619 |
histone H3-K9 deacetylation |
ECO:0000364 |
evidence based on logical inference from manual annotation used in automatic assertion |
GO:0046969 |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
involved_in |
GO:1990619 |
histone H3-K9 deacetylation |
ECO:0000364 |
evidence based on logical inference from manual annotation used in automatic assertion |
GO:0046969 |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
enables |
GO:0070403 |
NAD+ binding |
ECO:0000256 |
match to sequence model evidence used in automatic assertion |
F |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
involved_in |
GO:0006325 |
chromatin organization |
ECO:0000322 |
imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
involved_in |
GO:0006974 |
cellular response to DNA damage stimulus |
ECO:0000322 |
imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
enables |
GO:0016787 |
hydrolase activity |
ECO:0000322 |
imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion |
F |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
part_of |
GO:0005634 |
nucleus |
ECO:0000322 |
imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion |
C |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
enables |
GO:0046872 |
metal ion binding |
ECO:0000322 |
imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion |
F |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
involved_in |
GO:0006281 |
DNA repair |
ECO:0000322 |
imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
part_of |
GO:0005730 |
nucleolus |
ECO:0000322 |
imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion |
C |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
Notes
References
See Help:References for how to manage references in GONUTS.
- ↑ Kaeberlein, M et al. (1999) The SIR2/3/4 complex and SIR2 alone promote longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by two different mechanisms. Genes Dev. 13 2570-80 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ Bryk, M et al. (1997) Transcriptional silencing of Ty1 elements in the RDN1 locus of yeast. Genes Dev. 11 255-69 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ Hass, EP & Zappulla, DC (2015) The Ku subunit of telomerase binds Sir4 to recruit telomerase to lengthen telomeres in S. cerevisiae. Elife 4 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ Chen, YF et al. (2016) Determinants of Sir2-Mediated, Silent Chromatin Cohesion. Mol. Cell. Biol. 36 2039-50 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Laporte, D et al. (2016) Quiescent Saccharomyces cerevisiae forms telomere hyperclusters at the nuclear membrane vicinity through a multifaceted mechanism involving Esc1, the Sir complex, and chromatin condensation. Mol. Biol. Cell 27 1875-84 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Boulton, SJ & Jackson, SP (1998) Components of the Ku-dependent non-homologous end-joining pathway are involved in telomeric length maintenance and telomeric silencing. EMBO J. 17 1819-28 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ Aparicio, OM et al. (1991) Modifiers of position effect are shared between telomeric and silent mating-type loci in S. cerevisiae. Cell 66 1279-87 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ Rine, J & Herskowitz, I (1987) Four genes responsible for a position effect on expression from HML and HMR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 116 9-22 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ Peng, J et al. (2015) Inhibition of telomere recombination by inactivation of KEOPS subunit Cgi121 promotes cell longevity. PLoS Genet. 11 e1005071 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ Jack, CV et al. (2015) Regulation of ribosomal DNA amplification by the TOR pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 112 9674-9 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Imai, S et al. (2000) Transcriptional silencing and longevity protein Sir2 is an NAD-dependent histone deacetylase. Nature 403 795-800 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ Das, SP & Sinha, P (2005) The budding yeast protein Chl1p has a role in transcriptional silencing, rDNA recombination, and aging. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 337 167-72 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ Martino, F et al. (2009) Reconstitution of yeast silent chromatin: multiple contact sites and O-AADPR binding load SIR complexes onto nucleosomes in vitro. Mol. Cell 33 323-34 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ Shou, W et al. (1999) Exit from mitosis is triggered by Tem1-dependent release of the protein phosphatase Cdc14 from nucleolar RENT complex. Cell 97 233-44 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Armstrong, CM et al. (2002) Mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene SIR2 can have differential effects on in vivo silencing phenotypes and in vitro histone deacetylation activity. Mol. Biol. Cell 13 1427-38 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ Landry, J et al. (2000) The silencing protein SIR2 and its homologs are NAD-dependent protein deacetylases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 5807-11 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ Pappas, DL Jr et al. (2004) The NAD(+)-dependent Sir2p histone deacetylase is a negative regulator of chromosomal DNA replication. Genes Dev. 18 769-81 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ Thrower, DA & Bloom, K (2001) Dicentric chromosome stretching during anaphase reveals roles of Sir2/Ku in chromatin compaction in budding yeast. Mol. Biol. Cell 12 2800-12 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ Gotta, M et al. (1997) Localization of Sir2p: the nucleolus as a compartment for silent information regulators. EMBO J. 16 3243-55 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ Strahl-Bolsinger, S et al. (1997) SIR2 and SIR4 interactions differ in core and extended telomeric heterochromatin in yeast. Genes Dev. 11 83-93 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ Lynch, PJ & Rusche, LN (2010) An auxiliary silencer and a boundary element maintain high levels of silencing proteins at HMR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 185 113-27 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ Moazed, D et al. (1997) Silent information regulator protein complexes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a SIR2/SIR4 complex and evidence for a regulatory domain in SIR4 that inhibits its interaction with SIR3. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 2186-91 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ Kaeberlein, M et al. (2005) Genes determining yeast replicative life span in a long-lived genetic background. Mech. Ageing Dev. 126 491-504 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ Fabrizio, P et al. (2005) Sir2 blocks extreme life-span extension. Cell 123 655-67 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ Bourns, BD et al. (1998) Sir proteins, Rif proteins, and Cdc13p bind Saccharomyces telomeres in vivo. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18 5600-8 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ Gottlieb, S & Esposito, RE (1989) A new role for a yeast transcriptional silencer gene, SIR2, in regulation of recombination in ribosomal DNA. Cell 56 771-6 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ Zaman, S et al. (2016) Mechanism of Regulation of Intrachromatid Recombination and Long-Range Chromosome Interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 36 1451-63 PubMed GONUTS page
- ↑ 28.00 28.01 28.02 28.03 28.04 28.05 28.06 28.07 28.08 28.09 28.10 28.11 28.12 28.13 28.14 Gaudet, P et al. (2011) Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Brief. Bioinformatics 12 449-62 PubMed GONUTS page
c
d
f
h
- GO:0017136 ! histone deacetylase activity, NAD-dependent
- GO:0032041 ! histone H3K14 deacetylase activity, NAD-dependent
- GO:0046969 ! histone H3K9 deacetylase activity, NAD-dependent
- GO:0046970 ! histone H4K16 deacetylase activity, NAD-dependent
- GO:0034739 ! histone H4K16 deacetylase activity, hydrolytic mechanism
- GO:0016787 ! hydrolase activity
n
- GO:0070403 ! NAD+ binding
- GO:1904524 ! negative regulation of DNA amplification
- GO:0045910 ! negative regulation of DNA recombination
- GO:0008156 ! negative regulation of DNA replication
- GO:0000790 ! nuclear chromatin
- GO:0000784 ! nuclear chromosome, telomeric region
- GO:0005720 ! nuclear heterochromatin
- GO:0031618 ! nuclear pericentric heterochromatin
- GO:0034399 ! nuclear periphery
- GO:0005730 ! nucleolus
- GO:0031491 ! nucleosome binding
- GO:0005634 ! nucleus
o
- GO:0001300 ! obsolete chronological cell aging
- GO:0016575 ! obsolete histone deacetylation
- GO:0061647 ! obsolete histone H3-K9 modification
- GO:0070932 ! obsolete histone H3 deacetylation
- GO:0070933 ! obsolete histone H4 deacetylation
- GO:1990619 ! obsolete histone H3-K9 deacetylation
- GO:0045129 ! obsolete NAD-independent histone deacetylase activity
- GO:0090344 ! obsolete negative regulation of cell aging
- GO:0005724 ! obsolete nuclear telomeric heterochromatin
- GO:0001302 ! obsolete replicative cell aging
r
s
