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PMID:24057227

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Citation

Törrönen, K, Nikunen, K, Kärnä, R, Tammi, M, Tammi, R and Rilla, K' (2013) Tissue distribution and subcellular localization of hyaluronan synthase isoenzymes. Histochem. Cell Biol. '

Abstract

Hyaluronan synthases (HAS) are unique plasma membrane glycosyltransferases secreting this glycosaminoglycan directly to the extracellular space. The three HAS isoenzymes (HAS1, HAS2, and HAS3) expressed in mammalian cells differ in their enzymatic properties and regulation by external stimuli, but clearly distinct functions have not been established. To overview the expression of different HAS isoenzymes during embryonic development and their subcellular localization, we immunostained mouse embryonic samples and cultured cells with HAS antibodies, correlating their distribution to hyaluronan staining. Their subcellular localization was further studied by GFP-HAS fusion proteins. Intense hyaluronan staining was observed throughout the development in the tissues of mesodermal origin, like heart and cartilages, but also for example during the maturation of kidneys and stratified epithelia. In general, staining for one or several HASs correlated with hyaluronan staining. The staining of HAS2 was most widespread, both spatially and temporally, correlating with hyaluronan staining especially in early mesenchymal tissues and heart. While epithelial cells were mostly negative for HASs, stratified epithelia became HAS positive during differentiation. All HAS isoenzymes showed cytoplasmic immunoreactivity, both in tissue sections and cultured cells, while plasma membrane staining was also detected, often in cellular extensions. HAS1 had brightest signal in Golgi, HAS3 in Golgi and microvillous protrusions, whereas most of the endogenous HAS2 immunoreactivity was localized in the ER. This differential pattern was also observed with transfected GFP-HASs. The large proportion of intracellular HASs suggests that HAS forms a reserve that is transported to the plasma membrane for rapid activation of hyaluronan synthesis.

Links

PubMed Online version:10.1007/s00418-013-1143-4

Keywords


Significance

Annotations

Gene product Qualifier GO Term Evidence Code with/from Aspect Extension Notes Status

MOUSE:HAS1

GO:0005634: nucleus

ECO:0000314:

C

Figure 6

complete
CACAO 9079

MOUSE:HAS1

part_of

GO:0005737: cytoplasm

ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

MOUSE:HYAS1

GO:0005737: cytoplasm

ECO:0000314:

C

Figures 1, 2, 3, 4

complete
CACAO 8628

MOUSE:HYAS1

part_of

GO:0005737: cytoplasm

ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

MOUSE:HYAS2

GO:0005737: cytoplasm

ECO:0000314:

C

Figures 1,2,3,4

complete
CACAO 8629

MOUSE:HYAS2

GO:0031410: cytoplasmic vesicle

ECO:0000314:

C

Figure 6

complete
CACAO 9080

MOUSE:HYAS2

part_of

GO:0005737: cytoplasm

ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

MOUSE:HYAS3

GO:0005737: cytoplasm

ECO:0000314:

C

Figures 1,2,3,4

complete
CACAO 8630

MOUSE:HYAS3

GO:0005634: nucleus

ECO:0000314:

C

Figure 7

complete
CACAO 9078

MOUSE:HYAS3

part_of

GO:0005737: cytoplasm

ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion

C

Seeded From UniProt

complete

See also

References

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