Category:Team The E. coolis

Proposed model of Ba-induced autophagy and its function in eliminating E. coli. Ba upregulates the expression of Beclin1. Beclin1 promotes formation of the phagophore. The phagophore incorporates the Atg5-Atg12-Atg16 complex into its membrane to generate an autophagosome which consumes and lyses invading pathogens. AKT/MTOR is independent in this process.

Autoinducer-production phenotypes of V. harveyi and S. typhimurium strains. Cell-free culture fluids from V. harveyi and S. typhimurium strains were prepared and tested for AI-2 activity in the V. harveyi BB170 bioassay. (A) AI-2 production phenotypes of the wild-type V. harveyi strain MM28, which contains a Tn5 insertion outside of luxSV.h. (denoted WT) and the luxSV.h.∷Tn5 mutant strain MM30 (denoted luxS−). (B) AI-2-production phenotypes of wild-type S. typhimurium LT2 (denoted WT) and the ygaG∷MudJ insertion mutant strain CS132 (denoted ygaG−). Activity is reported as fold-induction of luminescence expression of the V. harveyi BB170 reporter strain over that when sterile medium was added.

Autoinducer-production phenotypes of V. harveyi and S. typhimurium strains. Cell-free culture fluids from V. harveyi and S. typhimurium strains were prepared and tested for AI-2 activity in the V. harveyi BB170 bioassay. (A) AI-2 production phenotypes of the wild-type V. harveyi strain MM28, which contains a Tn5 insertion outside of luxSV.h. (denoted WT) and the luxSV.h.∷Tn5 mutant strain MM30 (denoted luxS−). (B) AI-2-production phenotypes of wild-type S. typhimurium LT2 (denoted WT) and the ygaG∷MudJ insertion mutant strain CS132 (denoted ygaG−). Activity is reported as fold-induction of luminescence expression of the V. harveyi BB170 reporter strain over that when sterile medium was added.

Fig. 2 shows that addition of Serratia marcescens CBP21 increased reaction rates to levels comparable to those observed in reactions where the CBP21 was present from t = 0. In an additional control experiment with ChiB, CBP21 was added after 216 h, which led to full degradation of the substrate (Fig. 2B). Control reactions containing

CBP21 without enzyme did not yield detectable amounts of soluble chitooligosaccharides. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CBP21 facilitates the degradation of Beta-chitin by family 18 chitinases in a non-enzymatic manner.

Autoinducer 2(AI-2) is generated in large part by LuxS. AI-2 aids in quorum-sensing.

fig. 4 luxS Capnocytophaga ochracea

The mass of the luxS mutant protein biofilm was significantly less than that of the wild-type biofilm at both 24 h and 48 h. The mass of the biofilm formed in 0.5 × TS broth was similar to that of the biofilm formed in the 1.0 x TS broth.

LuxS does not act in the SAM catabolism pathway (figure:2B)

Two rich media were compared for biofilm formation, LB broth and PPGAS, which is limited in phosphate and thereby promotes rhamnolipid production. P. aeruginosa PAOU mutant was constructed in which 546 bp of the 582-bp sequence of algU were deleted. The algU mutation did not affect the growth rate in liquid PPGAS at 37°C (data not shown)