Category:MichSt14A 42

Figure 3b demonstrates the measurement of Ca2+ ATPase activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2) with and without toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) stimulation. TLR9 stimulation showed to reduce SERCA2 uptake activity of calcium from cytosol to endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) and regulate storage of calcium in ER/SR. Figure 4 demonstrates how the reduction of calcium by TLR9 inhibiting SERCA2 decreases mitochondrial ATP levels leading to increased cellular protection during an immune response.

Figure 4. Primary carotid vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from PMCA4 knockout mice showed G1-phase arrest when compared to wild-type plasma membrane calcium ATPase-4 (PMCA4) mice. When electroporated with PMCA4 constructs, knockout PMCA4 mice displayed wild-type phenotype and progressed through G1-phase, whereas mutant mice could not due to having only 10% of normal calcium efflux activity.

Figure 2b - erh1+ transcription analysis providing evidence of gene product in nucleus with exception of nucleolus.

Figure 2B - Assay of erh1+ transcription demonstrating gene product is found in the cytoplasm.

table 2 and figure 1b

Scaffolding protein, XRCC1, is involved in the coordination of DNA repair by interacting with components of the BER and single-strand break repair pathways.

Figure 1 shows that XRCC1 is downregulated in breast cancer patients. This demonstrates the possibility of XRCC1 to be targeted to enhance the effect of DNA damaging agents in BRCAX patients. This can allow an increased interaction with BER if XRCC1 is targeted to be upregulated which can increase effectiveness of BER.

COX19 is a required for the transduction of a SCO-dependent redox signal from mitochondria to ATP7A.

Figure 5A-C shows the knockdown of COX19 and PET191. Knockdown of COX19 reduces cellular copper levels when compared to parental lines, whereas PET191 knockdown does not affect copper levels. COX19 is critical for regulating cellular copper efflux.