PMID:21149646

Citation	Malcher, M, Schladebeck, S and Mösch, HU (2011) The Yak1 protein kinase lies at the center of a regulatory cascade affecting adhesive growth and stress resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 187:717-30
Abstract	In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, adhesive growth on solid surfaces is mediated by the flocculin Flo11 to confer biofilm and filament formation. Expression of FLO11 is governed by a complex regulatory network that includes, e.g., the protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. In addition, numerous regulatory genes, which have not been integrated into regulatory networks, affect adhesive growth, including WHI3 encoding an RNA-binding protein and YAK1 coding for a dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated protein kinase. In this study, we present evidence that Whi3 and Yak1 form part of a signaling pathway that regulates FLO11-mediated surface adhesion and is involved in stress resistance. Our study further suggests that Whi3 controls YAK1 expression at the post-transcriptional level and that Yak1 targets the transcriptional regulators Sok2 and Phd1 to control FLO11. We also discovered that Yak1 regulates acidic stress resistance and adhesion via the transcription factor Haa1. Finally, we provide evidence that the catalytic PKA subunit Tpk1 inhibits Yak1 by targeting specific serine residues to suppress FLO11. In summary, our data suggest that Yak1 is at the center of a regulatory cascade for adhesive growth and stress resistance, which is under dual control of Whi3 and the PKA subunit Tpk1.
Links	PubMed PMC3063667 Online version:10.1534/genetics.110.125708
Keywords	Cell Adhesion/genetics; Cell Adhesion/physiology; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunits/genetics; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics; Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics; Gene Regulatory Networks/physiology; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/genetics; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/physiology; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics; Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/physiology; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics; RNA-Binding Proteins/physiology; Repressor Proteins/genetics; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/growth & development; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/physiology; Serine/genetics; Signal Transduction/genetics; Signal Transduction/physiology; Stress, Physiological/genetics; Transcription Factors/genetics
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
YEAST:WHI3	involved_in	GO:0045893: positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
YEAST:WHI3	involved_in	GO:0045727: positive regulation of translation	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
YEAST:WHI3	involved_in	GO:0032106: positive regulation of response to extracellular stimulus	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
YEAST:WHI3	involved_in	GO:0010811: positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
YEAST:WHI3		GO:0010811: positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion	ECO:0000315:		P		Fig 1b: wildtype and mutant (didn't express Whi3) yeast both grew on plate. Mutant yeast washed off the plate, wildtype yeast stuck.	complete CACAO 10313
YEAST:WHI3		GO:0045893: positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	ECO:0000315:		P		Fig 1a: expression of Whi3 resulted in higher FLO11 RNA levels	complete CACAO 10320
YEAST:WHI3		GO:0045727: positive regulation of translation	ECO:0000315:		P		Fig 3a: Levels of Yak1-HA protein and YAK1-HA RNA were measured in wildtype and mutant (doesn't express Whi3) yeast - RNA levels remained constant in wildtype and mutant but protein levels decreased in mutant	complete CACAO 10338
YEAST:WHI3		GO:0032106: positive regulation of response to extracellular stimulus	ECO:0000315:		P		Fig 4a: Glucose starvation in wildtype led to increased levels of FLO11 RNA. Mutants without whi3 did not have increased levels of FLO11.	complete CACAO 10519
YEAST:YAK1	involved_in	GO:0045893: positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
YEAST:YAK1	involved_in	GO:0010811: positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
YEAST:YAK1		GO:0045893: positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Fig 2a: expression of Yak1 resulted in higher FLO11 RNA levels in both wildtype and mutants (doesn't express Whi3)	complete CACAO 10336
YEAST:YAK1		GO:0010811: positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Fig 2D	complete CACAO 10337
YEAST:YAK1		GO:0032106: positive regulation of response to extracellular stimulus	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Fig 4a: Glucose starvation in wildtype led to increased levels of FLO11 RNA. Mutants without yak1 did not have increased levels of FLO11.	complete CACAO 10520
YEAST:HAA1		GO:0010811: positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion	ECO:0000315:		P		Fig 7d: yeast not expressing yak1 or whi3 but overexpressing haa1 adhered to plate after being washed - absence of yak1 or whi3 normally leads to yeast that don't adhere to plate	complete CACAO 10529

References

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