PMID:30046034

Citation	Hynes, AP, Rousseau, GM, Agudelo, D, Goulet, A, Amigues, B, Loehr, J, Romero, DA, Fremaux, C, Horvath, P, Doyon, Y, Cambillau, C and Moineau, S (2018) Widespread anti-CRISPR proteins in virulent bacteriophages inhibit a range of Cas9 proteins. Nat Commun 9:2919
Abstract	CRISPR-Cas systems are bacterial anti-viral systems, and bacterial viruses (bacteriophages, phages) can carry anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins to evade that immunity. Acrs can also fine-tune the activity of CRISPR-based genome-editing tools. While Acrs are prevalent in phages capable of lying dormant in a CRISPR-carrying host, their orthologs have been observed only infrequently in virulent phages. Here we identify AcrIIA6, an Acr encoded in 33% of virulent Streptococcus thermophilus phage genomes. The X-ray structure of AcrIIA6 displays some features unique to this Acr family. We compare the activity of AcrIIA6 to those of other Acrs, including AcrIIA5 (also from S. thermophilus phages), and characterize their effectiveness against a range of CRISPR-Cas systems. Finally, we demonstrate that both Acr families from S. thermophilus phages inhibit Cas9-mediated genome editing of human cells.
Links	PubMed PMC6060171 Online version:10.1038/s41467-018-05092-w
Keywords
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
9CAUD:A0A220GHA5		GO:0098672: evasion by virus of CRISPR-cas system	ECO:0000314:		P		Fig. 5 demonstrates that acrIIA5 is capable of inhibiting the effects of CRISPR-stCas9 and spCas9 on sgRNA. Experiment was run on human cells which contained plasmid modifications.	complete CACAO 13312
9CAUD:A0A2U7VJX7		GO:0098672: evasion by virus of CRISPR-cas system	ECO:0000314:		P		Fig. 5 demonstrates that acrIIA6 protein in Streptococcus phage D1024 is capable of inhibiting the effects of CRISPR-st1Cas9 on sgRNA, but not spCas 9 system. Experiment was run on human cells which contained plasmid modifications.	complete CACAO 13343
9CAUD:A0A2U7VKE8		GO:0098672: evasion by virus of CRISPR-cas system	ECO:0000314:		P		Fig. 5 demonstrates that acrIIA6 protein in Streptococcus phage D1811 is capable of inhibiting the effects of CRISPR-st1Cas9 on sgRNA, but not spCas 9 system. Experiment was run on human cells which contained plasmid modifications.	complete CACAO 13385
9VIRU:A0A2D0TCG7		GO:0098672: evasion by virus of CRISPR-cas system	ECO:0000314:		P		Fig. 5 demonstrates that acrIIA4 from Listeria monocytogenes prophage is capable of inhibiting the effects of CRISPR-stCas9, but not the effects of spCas9 on sgRNA. Experiment was run on human cells which contained plasmid modifications.	complete CACAO 13387

Notes

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References

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