GONUTS has been updated to MW1.31 Most things seem to be working but be sure to report problems.
PMID:23028019
| Citation |
Bukh, C, Nord-Larsen, PH and Rasmussen, SK (2012) Phylogeny and structure of the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene family in Brachypodium distachyon. J. Exp. Bot. 63:6223-36 |
|---|---|
| Abstract |
Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) catalyses the final step of the monolignol biosynthesis, the conversion of cinnamyl aldehydes to alcohols, using NADPH as a cofactor. Seven members of the CAD gene family were identified in the genome of Brachypodium distachyon and five of these were isolated and cloned from genomic DNA. Semi-quantitative reverse-transcription PCR revealed differential expression of the cloned genes, with BdCAD5 being expressed in all tissues and highest in root and stem while BdCAD3 was only expressed in stem and spikes. A phylogenetic analysis of CAD-like proteins placed BdCAD5 on the same branch as bona fide CAD proteins from maize (ZmCAD2), rice (OsCAD2), sorghum (SbCAD2) and Arabidopsis (AtCAD4, 5). The predicted three-dimensional structures of both BdCAD3 and BdCAD5 resemble that of AtCAD5. However, the amino-acid residues in the substrate-binding domains of BdCAD3 and BdCAD5 are distributed symmetrically and BdCAD3 is similar to that of poplar sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase (PotSAD). BdCAD3 and BdCAD5 expressed and purified from Escherichia coli both showed a temperature optimum of about 50 °C and molar weight of 49 kDa. The optimal pH for the reduction of coniferyl aldehyde were pH 5.2 and 6.2 and the pH for the oxidation of coniferyl alcohol were pH 8 and 9.5, for BdCAD3 and BdCAD5 respectively. Kinetic parameters for conversion of coniferyl aldehyde and coniferyl alcohol showed that BdCAD5 was clearly the most efficient enzyme of the two. These data suggest that BdCAD5 is the main CAD enzyme for lignin biosynthesis and that BdCAD3 has a different role in Brachypodium. All CAD enzymes are cytosolic except for BdCAD4, which has a putative chloroplast signal peptide adding to the diversity of CAD functions. |
| Links |
PubMed PMC3481213 Online version:10.1093/jxb/ers275 |
| Keywords |
Alcohol Oxidoreductases/chemistry; Alcohol Oxidoreductases/genetics; Alcohol Oxidoreductases/isolation & purification; Alcohol Oxidoreductases/metabolism; Amino Acid Sequence; Biomass; Brachypodium/enzymology; Brachypodium/genetics; Brachypodium/metabolism; Catalytic Domain; Chloroplasts/metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genome, Plant/genetics; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lignin/metabolism; Models, Molecular; Molecular Weight; Multigene Family; Peptide Mapping; Phylogeny; Plant Leaves/enzymology; Plant Leaves/genetics; Plant Leaves/metabolism; Plant Roots/enzymology; Plant Roots/genetics; Plant Roots/metabolism; Plant Stems/enzymology; Plant Stems/genetics; Plant Stems/metabolism; Protein Sorting Signals; RNA, Plant/genetics; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Alignment; Temperature |
| edit table |
Significance
Annotations
| Gene product | Qualifier | GO Term | Evidence Code | with/from | Aspect | Extension | Notes | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
involved_in |
GO:0009809: lignin biosynthetic process |
ECO:0000266: sequence orthology evidence used in manual assertion |
UniProtKB:O49482 |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
|
enables |
GO:0045551: cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity |
ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion |
F |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
involved_in |
GO:0009809: lignin biosynthetic process |
ECO:0000266: sequence orthology evidence used in manual assertion |
UniProtKB:O24562 |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
| GO:0009809: lignin biosynthetic process |
ECO:0000266: |
UniProtKB:O24562 UniProtKB:O49482
|
P |
As seen in figure 3, the BdCAD5 protein sequence clustered with AtCAD5 and ZmCAD2, both bona fide CAD genes involved in lignin biosynthesis. |
complete | |||
| GO:0045551: cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity |
ECO:0000314: |
F |
Figure 5 and Table 2 |
complete | ||||
| GO:0009809: lignin biosynthetic process |
ECO:0000266: |
UniProtKB:O49482
|
P |
Figure 3. |
complete | |||
|
enables |
GO:0045551: cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity |
ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion |
F |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
|
involved_in |
GO:0009809: lignin biosynthetic process |
ECO:0000266: sequence orthology evidence used in manual assertion |
UniProtKB:O24562 |
P |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | ||
| GO:0009809: lignin biosynthetic process |
ECO:0000266: |
UniProtKB:O49482 UniProtKB:O24562
|
P |
Figure 3. |
complete | |||
| GO:0045551: cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity |
ECO:0000314: |
F |
Figure 5. |
complete | ||||
See also
References
See Help:References for how to manage references in GONUTS.
