PMID:21957484

Citation	Karasneh, GA, Ali, M and Shukla, D (2011) An important role for syndecan-1 in herpes simplex virus type-1 induced cell-to-cell fusion and virus spread. PLoS ONE 6:e25252
Abstract	Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) is a common human pathogen that relies heavily on cell-to-cell spread for establishing a lifelong latent infection. Molecular aspects of HSV-1 entry into host cells have been well studied; however, the molecular details of the spread of the virus from cell-to-cell remain poorly understood. In the past, the role of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) during HSV-1 infection has focused solely on the role of HS chains as an attachment receptor for the virus, while the core protein has been assumed to perform a passive role of only carrying the HS chains. Likewise, very little is known about the involvement of any specific HSPGs in HSV-1 lifecycle. Here we demonstrate that a HSPG, syndecan-1, plays an important role in HSV-1 induced membrane fusion and cell-to-cell spread. Interestingly, the functions of syndecan-1 in fusion and spread are independent of the presence of HS on the core protein. Using a mutant CHO-K1 cell line that lacks all glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on its surface (CHO-745) we demonstrate that the core protein of syndecan-1 possesses the ability to modulate membrane fusion and viral spread. Altogether, we identify a new role for syndecan-1 in HSV-1 pathogenesis and demonstrate HS-independent functions of its core protein in viral spread.
Links	PubMed PMC3177890 Online version:10.1371/journal.pone.0025252
Keywords	Animals; CHO Cells; Cell Nucleus/metabolism; Cell Nucleus/virology; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Cytoplasm/metabolism; Cytoplasm/virology; Down-Regulation; Epithelium, Corneal/cytology; Epithelium, Corneal/virology; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Giant Cells/cytology; Giant Cells/virology; Herpesvirus 1, Human/growth & development; Herpesvirus 1, Human/metabolism; Herpesvirus 1, Human/physiology; Humans; Mutation; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Protein Transport; Syndecan-1/chemistry; Syndecan-1/deficiency; Syndecan-1/genetics; Syndecan-1/metabolism; Viral Fusion Proteins/metabolism; Viral Plaque Assay; Virus Internalization; Virus Replication
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
HUMAN:SDC1		GO:0019089: transmission of virus	ECO:0000315:		P		Fig. 5, Fig. 6, and Fig. 7	complete CACAO 2399
CRIGR:SDC1	involved_in	GO:0060140: modulation by virus of syncytium formation via plasma membrane fusion	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
CRIGR:SDC1		GO:0060140: syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion of virally targeted cells	ECO:0000315:		P		Fig. 2 (except A), Fig. 3, Fig. 4C, and Table 1	complete CACAO 2401

References

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