HUMAN:TYSY

Species (Taxon ID)	Homo sapiens (Human). (9606)
Gene Name(s)	TYMS (synonyms: TS)
Protein Name(s)	Thymidylate synthase TS TSase
External Links
UniProt	P04818
EMBL	X02308 D00596 AB077207 AB077208 AB062290 AP001178 CH471113 CH471113 BC002567 BC013919 BC083512 D00517
CCDS	CCDS11821.1
PIR	A23047
RefSeq	NP_001062.1
UniGene	Hs.369762
PDB	1HVY 1HW3 1HW4 1HZW 1I00 1JU6 1JUJ 1YPV 2ONB 2RD8 2RDA 3EAW 3EBU 3ED7 3EDW 3EF9 3EGY 3EHI 3EJL 3GG5 3GH0 3GH2 3H9K 3HB8 3N5E 3N5G 3OB7 4E28 4FGT 4G2O 4G6W 4GD7 4GYH 4H1I 4JEF 4KPW 4O1U 4O1X 4UP1 5HS3
PDBsum	1HVY 1HW3 1HW4 1HZW 1I00 1JU6 1JUJ 1YPV 2ONB 2RD8 2RDA 3EAW 3EBU 3ED7 3EDW 3EF9 3EGY 3EHI 3EJL 3GG5 3GH0 3GH2 3H9K 3HB8 3N5E 3N5G 3OB7 4E28 4FGT 4G2O 4G6W 4GD7 4GYH 4H1I 4JEF 4KPW 4O1U 4O1X 4UP1 5HS3
DisProt	DP00073
ProteinModelPortal	P04818
SMR	P04818
BioGrid	113149
IntAct	P04818
MINT	MINT-2800458
STRING	9606.ENSP00000315644
BindingDB	P04818
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1952
DrugBank	DB01101 DB00322 DB00544 DB00441 DB00650 DB00563 DB00642 DB06813 DB00293 DB00432 DB00440
GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY	2642
MoonProt	P04818
iPTMnet	P04818
PhosphoSite	P04818
BioMuta	TYMS
DMDM	136611
EPD	P04818
PaxDb	P04818
PRIDE	P04818
TopDownProteomics	P04818-1
DNASU	7298
Ensembl	ENST00000323224 ENST00000323250 ENST00000323274
GeneID	7298
KEGG	hsa:7298
UCSC	uc010dkb.2
CTD	7298
GeneCards	TYMS
HGNC	HGNC:12441
HPA	CAB002784
MalaCards	TYMS
MIM	188350
neXtProt	NX_P04818
Orphanet	240839
PharmGKB	PA359
eggNOG	KOG0673 COG0207
GeneTree	ENSGT00390000014786
HOGENOM	HOG000257899
HOVERGEN	HBG001934
InParanoid	P04818
KO	K00560
OMA	IVYELLW
OrthoDB	EOG725DHX
PhylomeDB	P04818
TreeFam	TF353027
BioCyc	MetaCyc:HS11096-MONOMER
BRENDA	2.1.1.45
Reactome	R-HSA-113510 R-HSA-500753 R-HSA-69205
SABIO-RK	P04818
UniPathway	UPA00575
ChiTaRS	TYMS
EvolutionaryTrace	P04818
GeneWiki	Thymidylate_synthase
GenomeRNAi	7298
NextBio	28543
PRO	PR:P04818
Proteomes	UP000005640
Bgee	P04818
CleanEx	HS_TYMS
ExpressionAtlas	P04818
Genevisible	P04818
GO	GO:0005737 GO:0005829 GO:0005743 GO:0005759 GO:0005739 GO:0005730 GO:0005654 GO:0005634 GO:0048037 GO:0008144 GO:0005542 GO:0003729 GO:0000166 GO:0004799 GO:0007568 GO:0051216 GO:0016049 GO:0008283 GO:0007623 GO:0009157 GO:0048589 GO:0071897 GO:0006231 GO:0006235 GO:0046078 GO:0000082 GO:0019088 GO:0060574 GO:0000278 GO:0006139 GO:0055086 GO:0031100 GO:0006206 GO:0046134 GO:0000083 GO:0034097 GO:0042493 GO:0045471 GO:0051593 GO:0051384 GO:0046683 GO:0032570 GO:0009636 GO:0033189 GO:0044281 GO:0035999 GO:0019860
Gene3D	3.30.572.10
HAMAP	MF_00008
InterPro	IPR023451 IPR000398 IPR020940
Pfam	PF00303
PRINTS	PR00108
SUPFAM	SSF55831
TIGRFAMs	TIGR03284
PROSITE	PS00091

Annotations

Qualifier	GO ID	GO term name	Reference	ECO ID	ECO term name	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
Contributes to	GO:0004799	thymidylate synthase activity	other:GO_REF:0000100	ECO:0000255		UniProtKB:P07607	F		HHPred results yielded an E-value of 2.1e-88, an identity of 100%, a probability of 100%, and a query coverage of 97.07%.	complete CACAO 11984
enables	GO:0000900	translation repressor activity, mRNA regulatory element binding	PMID:1924359^[1]	ECO:0000314	direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		F	has_regulation_target:(UniProtKB:P04818)	Seeded From UniProt	complete
enables	GO:1990825	sequence-specific mRNA binding	PMID:1924359^[1]	ECO:0000314	direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		F	has_direct_input:(UniProtKB:P04818)	Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0017148	negative regulation of translation	PMID:1924359^[1]	ECO:0000314	direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		P	has_regulation_target:(UniProtKB:P04818)	Seeded From UniProt	complete
enables	GO:0004799	thymidylate synthase activity	PMID:11278511^[2]	ECO:0000314	direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0006231	dTMP biosynthetic process	PMID:11278511^[2]	ECO:0000314	direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0006231	dTMP biosynthetic process	PMID:8845352^[3]	ECO:0000314	direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
enables	GO:0004799	thymidylate synthase activity	PMID:8845352^[3]	ECO:0000314	direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
enables	GO:0005542	folic acid binding	PMID:15093541^[4]	ECO:0000305	curator inference used in manual assertion	GO:0004799	F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0035999	tetrahydrofolate interconversion	PMID:15093541^[4]	ECO:0000314	direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0006231	dTMP biosynthetic process	PMID:15093541^[4]	ECO:0000314	direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0071897	DNA biosynthetic process	PMID:15093541^[4]	ECO:0000305	curator inference used in manual assertion	GO:0004799	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
enables	GO:0004799	thymidylate synthase activity	PMID:15093541^[4]	ECO:0000314	direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0046683	response to organophosphorus	PMID:16079077^[5]	ECO:0000270	expression pattern evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
part_of	GO:0005759	mitochondrial matrix	PMID:21876188^[6]	ECO:0000314	direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
part_of	GO:0005743	mitochondrial inner membrane	PMID:21876188^[6]	ECO:0000314	direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
part_of	GO:0005739	mitochondrion	PMID:21876188^[6]	ECO:0000314	direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
part_of	GO:0005737	cytoplasm	PMID:21876188^[6]	ECO:0000314	direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
part_of	GO:0005634	nucleus	PMID:21876188^[6]	ECO:0000314	direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0006231	dTMP biosynthetic process	PMID:21873635^[7]	ECO:0000318	biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion	EcoGene:EG11002 PANTHER:PTN000167391 PomBase:SPAC15E1.04 RGD:3921 SGD:S000005600 UniProtKB:P04818 UniProtKB:P9WFR9 WB:WBGene00022455 ZFIN:ZDB-GENE-040426-59	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
part_of	GO:0005829	cytosol	PMID:21873635^[7]	ECO:0000318	biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion	EcoGene:EG11002 PANTHER:PTN000167391 TAIR:locus:2042649	C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
part_of	GO:0005739	mitochondrion	PMID:21873635^[7]	ECO:0000318	biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion	PANTHER:PTN002610699 RGD:3921 TAIR:locus:2139544 UniProtKB:P04818	C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
enables	GO:0004799	thymidylate synthase activity	PMID:21873635^[7]	ECO:0000318	biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion	EcoGene:EG11002 PANTHER:PTN000167391 PomBase:SPAC15E1.04 RGD:3921 SGD:S000005600 UniProtKB:P04818 UniProtKB:P9WFR9 WB:WBGene00022455 ZFIN:ZDB-GENE-040426-59	F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0097421	liver regeneration	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0060574	intestinal epithelial cell maturation	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0051593	response to folic acid	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0051384	response to glucocorticoid	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0051216	cartilage development	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0048589	developmental growth	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
enables	GO:0048037	cofactor binding	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0046653	tetrahydrofolate metabolic process	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0046078	dUMP metabolic process	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0045471	response to ethanol	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
enables	GO:0042803	protein homodimerization activity	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0042493	response to drug	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0034097	response to cytokine	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0033189	response to vitamin A	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0032570	response to progesterone	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0019860	uracil metabolic process	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0019088	immortalization of host cell by virus	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0014070	response to organic cyclic compound	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0009636	response to toxic substance	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
enables	GO:0008144	drug binding	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0007623	circadian rhythm	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0007568	aging	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0006417	regulation of translation	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0006231	dTMP biosynthetic process	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0006206	pyrimidine nucleobase metabolic process	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
part_of	GO:0005739	mitochondrion	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
part_of	GO:0005730	nucleolus	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
enables	GO:0005542	folic acid binding	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
enables	GO:0004799	thymidylate synthase activity	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
enables	GO:0003729	mRNA binding	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
enables	GO:0000166	nucleotide binding	GO_REF:0000107	ECO:0000265	sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB:P45352 ensembl:ENSRNOP00000053086	F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
enables	GO:0004799	thymidylate synthase activity	GO_REF:0000002	ECO:0000256	match to sequence model evidence used in automatic assertion	InterPro:IPR000398 InterPro:IPR020940	F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0006231	dTMP biosynthetic process	GO_REF:0000002	ECO:0000256	match to sequence model evidence used in automatic assertion	InterPro:IPR000398 InterPro:IPR020940	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
enables	GO:0004799	thymidylate synthase activity	GO_REF:0000003	ECO:0000501	evidence used in automatic assertion	EC:2.1.1.45	F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
enables	GO:0004799	thymidylate synthase activity	PMID:1924359^[1]	ECO:0000304	author statement supported by traceable reference used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0015949	nucleobase-containing small molecule interconversion	Reactome:R-HSA-499943	ECO:0000304	author statement supported by traceable reference used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
part_of	GO:0005829	cytosol	Reactome:R-HSA-8962050 Reactome:R-HSA-73605	ECO:0000304	author statement supported by traceable reference used in manual assertion		C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0000083	regulation of transcription involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	Reactome:R-HSA-69205	ECO:0000304	author statement supported by traceable reference used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0032259	methylation	GO_REF:0000037	ECO:0000322	imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB-KW:KW-0489	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
part_of	GO:0016020	membrane	GO_REF:0000037	ECO:0000322	imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB-KW:KW-0472	C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0009165	nucleotide biosynthetic process	GO_REF:0000037	ECO:0000322	imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB-KW:KW-0545	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
part_of	GO:0005743	mitochondrial inner membrane	GO_REF:0000037 GO_REF:0000039	ECO:0000322	imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB-KW:KW-0999 UniProtKB-SubCell:SL-0168	C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
part_of	GO:0005634	nucleus	GO_REF:0000037 GO_REF:0000039	ECO:0000322	imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB-KW:KW-0539 UniProtKB-SubCell:SL-0191	C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
part_of	GO:0005739	mitochondrion	GO_REF:0000037 GO_REF:0000039	ECO:0000322	imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB-KW:KW-0496 UniProtKB-SubCell:SL-0173	C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
enables	GO:0016740	transferase activity	GO_REF:0000037	ECO:0000322	imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB-KW:KW-0808	F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
part_of	GO:0005737	cytoplasm	GO_REF:0000037 GO_REF:0000039	ECO:0000322	imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB-KW:KW-0963 UniProtKB-SubCell:SL-0086	C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
enables	GO:0008168	methyltransferase activity	GO_REF:0000037	ECO:0000322	imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB-KW:KW-0489	F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
part_of	GO:0005759	mitochondrial matrix	GO_REF:0000039	ECO:0000322	imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion	UniProtKB-SubCell:SL-0170	C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
involved_in	GO:0006235	dTTP biosynthetic process	GO_REF:0000041	ECO:0000322	imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion	UniPathway:UPA00575	P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
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Notes

References

See Help:References for how to manage references in GONUTS.

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Chu, E et al. (1991) Autoregulation of human thymidylate synthase messenger RNA translation by thymidylate synthase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 8977-81 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Phan, J et al. (2001) Structure of human thymidylate synthase suggests advantages of chemotherapy with noncompetitive inhibitors. J. Biol. Chem. 276 14170-7 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Schiffer, CA et al. (1995) Crystal structure of human thymidylate synthase: a structural mechanism for guiding substrates into the active site. Biochemistry 34 16279-87 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Rahman, L et al. (2004) Thymidylate synthase as an oncogene: a novel role for an essential DNA synthesis enzyme. Cancer Cell 5 341-51 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ Gwinn, MR et al. (2005) Differential gene expression in normal human mammary epithelial cells treated with malathion monitored by DNA microarrays. Environ. Health Perspect. 113 1046-51 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 Anderson, DD et al. (2011) Identification of a de novo thymidylate biosynthesis pathway in mammalian mitochondria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108 15163-8 PubMed GONUTS page
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 Gaudet, P et al. (2011) Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Brief. Bioinformatics 12 449-62 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:1924359-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Chu, E et al. (1991) Autoregulation of human thymidylate synthase messenger RNA translation by thymidylate synthase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 8977-81 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:11278511-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Phan, J et al. (2001) Structure of human thymidylate synthase suggests advantages of chemotherapy with noncompetitive inhibitors. J. Biol. Chem. 276 14170-7 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:8845352-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Schiffer, CA et al. (1995) Crystal structure of human thymidylate synthase: a structural mechanism for guiding substrates into the active site. Biochemistry 34 16279-87 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:15093541-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Rahman, L et al. (2004) Thymidylate synthase as an oncogene: a novel role for an essential DNA synthesis enzyme. Cancer Cell 5 341-51 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:16079077-5] Gwinn, MR et al. (2005) Differential gene expression in normal human mammary epithelial cells treated with malathion monitored by DNA microarrays. Environ. Health Perspect. 113 1046-51 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:21876188-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 Anderson, DD et al. (2011) Identification of a de novo thymidylate biosynthesis pathway in mammalian mitochondria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108 15163-8 PubMed GONUTS page

[PMID:21873635-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 Gaudet, P et al. (2011) Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Brief. Bioinformatics 12 449-62 PubMed GONUTS page

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HUMAN:TYSY

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