PMID:2861674

Citation	Holley, MC (1985) Adaptation of a ciliary basal apparatus to cell shape changes in a contractile epithelium. Tissue Cell 17:321-34
Abstract	Cilia projecting from the surfaces of highly contractile myoepithelia in the sea anemone Metridium senile maintain their basal orientation, and their ability to propel water, at different states of mesentery contraction, despite substantial changes of myoepithelial cell diameter and length. The ciliary basal apparatus in each monociliated myoepithelial cell is structurally well adapted to provide a stable anchorage for the cilium whilst compensating for these shape changes. It is composed of a distal centriole (basal body), a proximal centriole, a striated rootlet 2-3 micron long which is composed of a bundle of 4-6 nm filaments, and an arched rootlet, also striated, which is composed of a relatively loose bundle of 9-11 nm filaments. A single basal foot projects from the side of the distal centriole in the same direction as the path of the cilium during an effective-stroke; its tip is a focus for many microtubules that radiate outward in all directions toward the cell membrane. The arched rootlet forms a single arch in the cell apex, also in the same plane as the path of the cilium during an effective-stroke. The central axis of the basal apparatus, that is through the distal centriole and the striated rootlet, passes through the apex of the arch. The arched rootlet is apparently flexible so that it can increase or decrease its span as the cell increases or decreases in diameter. In pharnyx and siphonoglyph cells from M. senile, which do not undergo great changes in diameter or length, there is no arched rootlet, and the striated rootlet is much longer. The broad structural diversity of the metazoan ciliary basal apparatus must to a large extent be related to the diversity of the structural and mechanical properties of the cells in which it occurs.
Links	PubMed
Keywords	Animals; Cell Movement; Cilia/physiology; Cilia/ultrastructure; Cnidaria/ultrastructure; Epithelium/physiology; Epithelium/ultrastructure; Microscopy, Electron; Microtubules/ultrastructure; Muscle Contraction; Sea Anemones/physiology; Sea Anemones/ultrastructure
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
HHV11:ICP0		GO:0039548: suppression by virus of host IRF3 activity	ECO:0000314:		P		Figure 1 shows ICP0 inhibits the sustained activation of IRF3 during the later stages of an HSV-1 infection.	complete CACAO 5176

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