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PMID:24847020
| Citation |
Alonzo, F 3rd and Torres, VJ (2014) The bicomponent pore-forming leucocidins of Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 78:199-230 |
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| Abstract |
The ability to produce water-soluble proteins with the capacity to oligomerize and form pores within cellular lipid bilayers is a trait conserved among nearly all forms of life, including humans, single-celled eukaryotes, and numerous bacterial species. In bacteria, some of the most notable pore-forming molecules are protein toxins that interact with mammalian cell membranes to promote lysis, deliver effectors, and modulate cellular homeostasis. Of the bacterial species capable of producing pore-forming toxic molecules, the Gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most notorious. S. aureus can produce seven different pore-forming protein toxins, all of which are believed to play a unique role in promoting the ability of the organism to cause disease in humans and other mammals. The most diverse of these pore-forming toxins, in terms of both functional activity and global representation within S. aureus clinical isolates, are the bicomponent leucocidins. From the first description of their activity on host immune cells over 100 years ago to the detailed investigations of their biochemical function today, the leucocidins remain at the forefront of S. aureus pathogenesis research initiatives. Study of their mode of action is of immediate interest in the realm of therapeutic agent design as well as for studies of bacterial pathogenesis. This review provides an updated perspective on our understanding of the S. aureus leucocidins and their function, specificity, and potential as therapeutic targets. |
| Links |
PubMed PMC4054254 Online version:10.1128/MMBR.00055-13 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Exotoxins/antagonists & inhibitors; Exotoxins/chemistry; Exotoxins/genetics; Exotoxins/metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Gene Order; Genome, Bacterial; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Inflammation/genetics; Inflammation/immunology; Inflammation/metabolism; Leukocidins/antagonists & inhibitors; Leukocidins/chemistry; Leukocidins/genetics; Leukocidins/metabolism; Microbiology/history; Signal Transduction; Species Specificity; Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy; Staphylococcal Infections/immunology; Staphylococcal Infections/metabolism; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology; Staphylococcus aureus/genetics; Staphylococcus aureus/metabolism; Staphylococcus aureus/pathogenicity; Virulence |
Significance
Annotations
| Gene product | Qualifier | GO Term | Evidence Code | with/from | Aspect | Extension | Notes | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0009405: pathogenesis |
ECO:0000314: |
P |
Figure 2A and 2B. Images show macrophages and neutrophils being killed by PVL. Characteristic membrane halos and expansion of cellular nuclei are seen, along with increased permeability to ethidium bromide (indicator of pore formation and membrane damage) |
complete | ||||
Notes
See also
References
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