PMID:24682756

Citation	Koyama, K, Ogura, Y, Nakai, D, Watanabe, M, Munemasa, T, Oofune, Y, Kubota, K, Shinagawa, A and Izumi, T' (2014) Identification of Bioactivating Enzymes Involved in the Hydrolysis of Laninamivir Octanoate, a Long-acting Neuraminidase Inhibitor, in Human Pulmonary Tissue. Drug Metab. Dispos. '
Abstract	Laninamivir octanoate (LO) is an octanoyl ester prodrug of the neuraminidase inhibitor laninamivir. After inhaled administration, LO exhibits the clinical efficacy for both treatment and prophylaxis of influenza virus infection, resulting from the hydrolytic bioactivation into its pharmacologically active metabolite laninamivir in the pulmonary tissue. In this study, we focused on the identification of LO-hydrolyzing enzymes from human pulmonary tissue extract, using proteomic correlation profiling - a technology integration of traditional biochemistry and proteomics. In a single elution step by gel filtration chromatography, LO-hydrolyzing activity was separated into two distinct peaks, designated as peak I and peak II. By mass spectrometry, 1160 and 1003 proteins were identified and quantitated for peak I and peak II, respectively, and enzyme candidates were ranked based on the correlation coefficient between the enzyme activity and the proteomic profiles. Among proteins with a high correlation value, S-formylglutathione hydrolase (esterase D; ESD) and acyl-protein thioesterase 1 (APT1) were selected as the most likely candidates for peak I and peak II, respectively, which was confirmed by LO-hydrolyzing activity of recombinant proteins. In the case of peak II, LO-hydrolyzing activity was completely inhibited by treatment with a specific APT1 inhibitor, palmostatin B. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that both enzymes were mainly localized in the pulmonary epithelia, a primary site of influenza virus infection. These findings demonstrate that ESD and APT1 are key enzymes responsible for the bioactivation of LO in human pulmonary tissue.
Links	PubMed Online version:10.1124/dmd.114.057620
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
HUMAN:LYPA1		GO:0016298: lipase activity	ECO:0000314:		F		Figure 5 shows that treatment with an APT1 specific inhibitor, the laninamivir octanoate-hydrolyzing activity of the protein for peak II (APT1) is severely inhibited.	complete CACAO 9845
HUMAN:LYPA1	enables	GO:0016298: lipase activity	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	complete

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