PMID:24569372

Citation	Kong, Q, Chang, LC, Takahashi, K, Liu, Q, Schulte, DA, Lai, L, Ibabao, B, Lin, Y, Stouffer, N, Das Mukhopadhyay, C, Xing, X, Seyb, KI, Cuny, GD, Glicksman, MA and Lin, CL (2014) Small-molecule activator of glutamate transporter EAAT2 translation provides neuroprotection. J. Clin. Invest. 124:1255-67
Abstract	Glial glutamate transporter EAAT2 plays a major role in glutamate clearance in synaptic clefts. Several lines of evidence indicate that strategies designed to increase EAAT2 expression have potential for preventing excitotoxicity, which contributes to neuronal injury and death in neurodegenerative diseases. We previously discovered several classes of compounds that can increase EAAT2 expression through translational activation. Here, we present efficacy studies of the compound LDN/OSU-0212320, which is a pyridazine derivative from one of our lead series. In a murine model, LDN/OSU-0212320 had good potency, adequate pharmacokinetic properties, no observed toxicity at the doses examined, and low side effect/toxicity potential. Additionally, LDN/OSU-0212320 protected cultured neurons from glutamate-mediated excitotoxic injury and death via EAAT2 activation. Importantly, LDN/OSU-0212320 markedly delayed motor function decline and extended lifespan in an animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We also found that LDN/OSU-0212320 substantially reduced mortality, neuronal death, and spontaneous recurrent seizures in a pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy model. Moreover, our study demonstrated that LDN/OSU-0212320 treatment results in activation of PKC and subsequent Y-box-binding protein 1 (YB-1) activation, which regulates activation of EAAT2 translation. Our data indicate that the use of small molecules to enhance EAAT2 translation may be a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Links	PubMed PMC3938250 Online version:10.1172/JCI66163
Keywords	Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/drug therapy; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/enzymology; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology; Animals; Anterior Horn Cells/drug effects; Astrocytes/drug effects; Astrocytes/metabolism; Cell Line; Coculture Techniques; Enzyme Activation/drug effects; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2/genetics; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2/metabolism; Female; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Motor Activity/drug effects; Mutation, Missense; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacokinetics; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology; Pilocarpine; Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects; Protein Kinase C/metabolism; Pyridazines/pharmacokinetics; Pyridazines/pharmacology; Pyridines/pharmacokinetics; Pyridines/pharmacology; Rats; Status Epilepticus/chemically induced; Status Epilepticus/drug therapy; Status Epilepticus/pathology; Superoxide Dismutase/genetics; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism; Tissue Distribution; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
MOUSE:EAA2		GO:0010468: regulation of gene expression	ECO:0000315:		P		Figure 4 shows LDN/OSU-0212320 delays motor function decline and extends lifespan in SOD1(G93A) mice	complete CACAO 10537

References

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