PMID:23533627

Citation	Bugga, L, McDaniel, IE, Engie, L and Armstrong, JA (2013) The Drosophila melanogaster CHD1 Chromatin Remodeling Factor Modulates Global Chromosome Structure and Counteracts HP1a and H3K9me2. PLoS ONE 8:e59496
Abstract	CHD1 is a conserved chromatin remodeling factor that localizes to active genes and functions in nucleosome assembly and positioning as well as histone turnover. Mouse CHD1 is required for the maintenance of stem cell pluripotency while human CHD1 may function as a tumor suppressor. To investigate the action of CHD1 on higher order chromatin structure in differentiated cells, we examined the consequences of loss of CHD1 and over-expression of CHD1 on polytene chromosomes from salivary glands of third instar Drosophila melanogaster larvae. We observed that chromosome structure is sensitive to the amount of this remodeler. Loss of CHD1 resulted in alterations of chromosome structure and an increase in the heterochromatin protein HP1a, while over-expression of CHD1 disrupted higher order chromatin structure and caused a decrease in levels of HP1a. Over-expression of an ATPase inactive form of CHD1 did not result in severe chromosomal defects, suggesting that the ATPase activity is required for this in vivo phenotype. Interestingly, changes in CHD1 protein levels did not correlate with changes in the levels of the euchromatin mark H3K4me3 or elongating RNA Polymerase II. Thus, while CHD1 is localized to transcriptionally active regions of the genome, it can function to alter the levels of HP1a, perhaps through changes in methylation of H3K9.
Links	PubMed Online version:10.1371/journal.pone.0059496
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
DROME:CHD1		GO:0140658: ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler activity	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		F		Figure 1A indicates that a loss of CHD1 results in defective polytene chromosomes. Figure 3 shows that a lack in CHD1 can led to increased levels of HP1a and the H3K9me2 repressive chromatin. Fig 4 shows that an increase in CHD1 leads to disruption in chromosome structure, whereas a decrease of the ATP inactivated form of CHD1 didn't have much affect. GO term changed per Ticket-3833 ~~~~	complete CACAO 7143
DROME:CHD1	involved_in	GO:0140658: ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler activity	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt GO ID changed per Ticket-3833 ~~~~	complete

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