PMID:23132855

Citation	Trujillo, CA, Negraes, PD, Schwindt, TT, Lameu, C, Carromeu, C, Muotri, AR, Pesquero, JB, Cerqueira, DM, Pillat, MM, de Souza, HD, Turaça, LT, Abreu, JG and Ulrich, H (2012) Kinin-b2 receptor activity determines the differentiation fate of neural stem cells. J. Biol. Chem. 287:44046-61
Abstract	Bradykinin is not only important for inflammation and blood pressure regulation, but also involved in neuromodulation and neuroprotection. Here we describe novel functions for bradykinin and the kinin-B2 receptor (B2BkR) in differentiation of neural stem cells. In the presence of the B2BkR antagonist HOE-140 during rat neurosphere differentiation, neuron-specific β3-tubulin and enolase expression was reduced together with an increase in glial protein expression, indicating that bradykinin-induced receptor activity contributes to neurogenesis. In agreement, HOE-140 affected in the same way expression levels of neural markers during neural differentiation of murine P19 and human iPS cells. Kinin-B1 receptor agonists and antagonists did not affect expression levels of neural markers, suggesting that bradykinin-mediated effects are exclusively mediated via B2BkR. Neurogenesis was augmented by bradykinin in the middle and late stages of the differentiation process. Chronic treatment with HOE-140 diminished eNOS and nNOS as well as M1-M4 muscarinic receptor expression and also affected purinergic receptor expression and activity. Neurogenesis, gliogenesis, and neural migration were altered during differentiation of neurospheres isolated from B2BkR knock-out mice. Whole mount in situ hybridization revealed the presence of B2BkR mRNA throughout the nervous system in mouse embryos, and less β3-tubulin and more glial proteins were expressed in developing and adult B2BkR knock-out mice brains. As a underlying transcriptional mechanism for neural fate determination, HOE-140 induced up-regulation of Notch1 and Stat3 gene expression. Because pharmacological treatments did not affect cell viability and proliferation, we conclude that bradykinin-induced signaling provides a switch for neural fate determination and specification of neurotransmitter receptor expression.
Links	PubMed PMC3531721 Online version:10.1074/jbc.M112.407197
Keywords
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
RAT:BKRB2		GO:0050767: regulation of neurogenesis	ECO:0000314:		P		Figure 5 shows increased and decreased Neural Progenitor Cell migration based on B2BkR activation or inhibition.	complete

References

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