PMID:22438919

Citation	Kawada-Matsuo, M, Mazda, Y, Oogai, Y, Kajiya, M, Kawai, T, Yamada, S, Miyawaki, S, Oho, T and Komatsuzawa, H (2012) GlmS and NagB regulate amino sugar metabolism in opposing directions and affect Streptococcus mutans virulence. PLoS ONE 7:e33382
Abstract	Streptococcus mutans is a cariogenic pathogen that produces an extracellular polysaccharide (glucan) from dietary sugars, which allows it to establish a reproductive niche and secrete acids that degrade tooth enamel. While two enzymes (GlmS and NagB) are known to be key factors affecting the entrance of amino sugars into glycolysis and cell wall synthesis in several other bacteria, their roles in S. mutans remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the roles of GlmS and NagB in S. mutans sugar metabolism and determined whether they have an effect on virulence. NagB expression increased in the presence of GlcNAc while GlmS expression decreased, suggesting that the regulation of these enzymes, which functionally oppose one another, is dependent on the concentration of environmental GlcNAc. A glmS-inactivated mutant could not grow in the absence of GlcNAc, while nagB-inactivated mutant growth was decreased in the presence of GlcNAc. Also, nagB inactivation was found to decrease the expression of virulence factors, including cell-surface protein antigen and glucosyltransferase, and to decrease biofilm formation and saliva-induced S. mutans aggregation, while glmS inactivation had the opposite effects on virulence factor expression and bacterial aggregation. Our results suggest that GlmS and NagB function in sugar metabolism in opposing directions, increasing and decreasing S. mutans virulence, respectively.
Links	PubMed PMC3306399 Online version:10.1371/journal.pone.0033382
Keywords	Aldose-Ketose Isomerases/antagonists & inhibitors; Aldose-Ketose Isomerases/genetics; Aldose-Ketose Isomerases/metabolism; Amino Sugars/metabolism; Biofilms/growth & development; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Gene Knockout Techniques; Genes, Bacterial; Genetic Complementation Test; Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate Transaminase (Isomerizing)/antagonists & inhibitors; Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate Transaminase (Isomerizing)/genetics; Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate Transaminase (Isomerizing)/metabolism; Humans; Models, Biological; Mutation; Streptococcus mutans/genetics; Streptococcus mutans/metabolism; Streptococcus mutans/pathogenicity; Virulence/genetics; Virulence/physiology; Virulence Factors/genetics
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
STRMU:NAGB	involved_in	GO:0006040: amino sugar metabolic process	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
STRMU:NAGB		GO:0006040: amino sugar metabolic process	ECO:0000314:		P		Figure 2 shows the addition of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)increases the expression of NagB but decreases the expression of GlmS, a gene which functionally opposes that of NagB. GlmS is known to be a key factor affecting the entrance of amino sugars into glycolysis and cell wall synthesis in several other bacteria, however their roles in S. mutans remain unclear. This paper, and specifically figure 2, confirms this function in S. mutans as well.	complete CACAO 7620

References

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