PMID:22383540

Citation	Li, W, Ahn, IP, Ning, Y, Park, CH, Zeng, L, Whitehill, JG, Lu, H, Zhao, Q, Ding, B, Xie, Q, Zhou, JM, Dai, L and Wang, GL (2012) The U-Box/ARM E3 ligase PUB13 regulates cell death, defense, and flowering time in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 159:239-50
Abstract	The components in plant signal transduction pathways are intertwined and affect each other to coordinate plant growth, development, and defenses to stresses. The role of ubiquitination in connecting these pathways, particularly plant innate immunity and flowering, is largely unknown. Here, we report the dual roles for the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Plant U-box protein13 (PUB13) in defense and flowering time control. In vitro ubiquitination assays indicated that PUB13 is an active E3 ubiquitin ligase and that the intact U-box domain is required for the E3 ligase activity. Disruption of the PUB13 gene by T-DNA insertion results in spontaneous cell death, the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and salicylic acid (SA), and elevated resistance to biotrophic pathogens but increased susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogens. The cell death, hydrogen peroxide accumulation, and resistance to necrotrophic pathogens in pub13 are enhanced when plants are pretreated with high humidity. Importantly, pub13 also shows early flowering under middle- and long-day conditions, in which the expression of SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 and FLOWERING LOCUS T is induced while FLOWERING LOCUS C expression is suppressed. Finally, we found that two components involved in the SA-mediated signaling pathway, SID2 and PAD4, are required for the defense and flowering-time phenotypes caused by the loss of function of PUB13. Taken together, our data demonstrate that PUB13 acts as an important node connecting SA-dependent defense signaling and flowering time regulation in Arabidopsis.
Links	PubMed PMC3366716 Online version:10.1104/pp.111.192617
Keywords	Arabidopsis/enzymology; Arabidopsis/genetics; Arabidopsis/microbiology; Arabidopsis/physiology; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics; Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism; Botrytis/immunology; Botrytis/pathogenicity; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/genetics; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/metabolism; Cell Death; Cloning, Molecular; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Assays; Flowers/metabolism; Flowers/physiology; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes, Plant; Humidity; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism; MADS Domain Proteins/genetics; MADS Domain Proteins/metabolism; Plant Diseases/immunology; Plant Diseases/microbiology; Plant Immunity; Plants, Genetically Modified/enzymology; Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics; Plants, Genetically Modified/microbiology; Plants, Genetically Modified/physiology; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Pseudomonas/pathogenicity; Salicylic Acids/metabolism; Time Factors; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism; Ubiquitination
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
ARATH:PUB13		GO:0043066: negative regulation of apoptotic process	ECO:0000315:		P		Fig. 3	complete CACAO 3923
ARATH:PUB13		GO:2000028: regulation of photoperiodism, flowering	ECO:0000315:		P		Fig. 7. Results were most notable in MD exposure. Negative regulator of flowering.	complete CACAO 3924
ARATH:PUB13	involved_in	GO:0043066: negative regulation of apoptotic process	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
ARATH:PUB13	involved_in	GO:2000028: regulation of photoperiodism, flowering	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete

References

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