PMID:22267505

Citation	Sampedro, J, Gianzo, C, Iglesias, N, Guitián, E, Revilla, G and Zarra, I (2012) AtBGAL10 is the main xyloglucan β-galactosidase in Arabidopsis, and its absence results in unusual xyloglucan subunits and growth defects. Plant Physiol. 158:1146-57
Abstract	In growing cells, xyloglucan is thought to connect cellulose microfibrils and regulate their separation during wall extension. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), a significant proportion of xyloglucan side chains contain β-galactose linked to α-xylose at O2. In this work, we identified AtBGAL10 (At5g63810) as the gene responsible for the majority of β-galactosidase activity against xyloglucan. Xyloglucan from bgal10 insertional mutants was found to contain a large proportion of unusual subunits, such as GLG and GLLG. These subunits were not detected in a bgal10 xyl1 double mutant, deficient in both β-galactosidase and α-xylosidase. Xyloglucan from bgal10 xyl1 plants was enriched instead in XXLG/XLXG and XLLG subunits. In both cases, changes in xyloglucan composition were larger in the endoglucanase-accessible fraction. These results suggest that glycosidases acting on nonreducing ends digest large amounts of xyloglucan in wild-type plants, while plants deficient in any of these activities accumulate partly digested subunits. In both bgal10 and bgal10 xyl1, siliques and sepals were shorter, a phenotype that could be explained by an excess of nonreducing ends leading to a reinforced xyloglucan network. Additionally, AtBGAL10 expression was examined with a promoter-reporter construct. Expression was high in many cell types undergoing wall extension or remodeling, such as young stems, abscission zones, or developing vasculature, showing good correlation with α-xylosidase expression.
Links	PubMed PMC3291251 Online version:10.1104/pp.111.192195
Keywords	Agrobacterium tumefaciens/genetics; Arabidopsis/enzymology; Arabidopsis/genetics; Arabidopsis/growth & development; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics; Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism; Cell Wall/enzymology; Cell Wall/genetics; Enzyme Activation; Flowers/growth & development; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes, Plant; Genes, Reporter; Glucans/metabolism; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Pichia/genetics; Plant Leaves/enzymology; Plant Leaves/genetics; Plant Leaves/growth & development; Plant Stems/enzymology; Plant Stems/genetics; Plant Stems/growth & development; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Xylans/metabolism; Xylosidases/genetics; Xylosidases/metabolism; beta-Galactosidase/genetics; beta-Galactosidase/metabolism
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
ARATH:BGA10		GO:0004565: beta-galactosidase activity	ECO:0000315:		F		Figure 1 shows enzyme activity of BGAL10, beta-galactosidase activity is reduced in bgal10 mutants.	complete CACAO 5412
ARATH:BGA10	enables	GO:0004565: beta-galactosidase activity	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	complete

References

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