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PMID:22242765
| Citation |
Antala, S and Dempski, RE (2012) The human ZIP4 transporter has two distinct binding affinities and mediates transport of multiple transition metals. Biochemistry 51:963-73 |
|---|---|
| Abstract |
Zinc is the second most abundant transition metal in the body. Despite the fact that hundreds of biomolecules require zinc for proper function and/or structure, the mechanism of zinc transport into cells is not well-understood. The ZIP (Zrt- and Irt-like proteins; SLC39A) family of proteins acts to increase cytosolic concentrations of zinc. Mutations in one member of the ZIP family of proteins, the human ZIP4 (hZIP4; SLC39A4) protein, can result in the disease acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE). AE is characterized by growth retardation and diarrhea, as well as behavioral and neurological disturbances. While the cellular distribution of hZIP4 protein expression has been elucidated, the cation specificity, kinetic parameters of zinc transport, and residues involved in cation translocation are unresolved questions. Therefore, we have established a high signal-to-noise zinc uptake assay following heterologous expression of hZIP4 in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The results from our experiments have demonstrated that zinc, copper(II), and nickel can be transported by hZIP4 when the cation concentration is in the micromolar range. We have also identified a nanomolar binding affinity where copper(II) and zinc can be transported. In contrast, under these conditions, nickel can bind but is not transported by hZIP4. Finally, labeling of hZIP4 with maleimide or diethylpyrocarbonate indicates that extracellularly accessible histidine, but not cysteine, residues are required, either directly or indirectly, for cation uptake. The results of our experiments identify at least two coordination sites for divalent cations and provide a new framework for investigating the ZIP family of proteins. |
| Links |
PubMed Online version:10.1021/bi201553p |
| Keywords |
Amino Acid Sequence; Biological Transport; Cation Transport Proteins/chemistry; Copper/chemistry; Cytochrome c Group/chemistry; Cytochrome-c Peroxidase/chemistry; Humans; Maltose-Binding Proteins/chemistry; Molecular Sequence Data; Nickel/chemistry; Oxidoreductases/chemistry; Protein Binding; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/enzymology; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry; Shewanella/enzymology; Zinc/chemistry |
| edit table |
Significance
Annotations
| Gene product | Qualifier | GO Term | Evidence Code | with/from | Aspect | Extension | Notes | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005385 : zinc ion transmembrane transporter activity |
ECO:0000314: |
F |
Fig. 2A: Frog oocytes injected with human ZIP4 mRNA showed significant zinc ion uptake activity compared to a negative control. |
complete | ||||
|
enables |
GO:0005385: zinc ion transmembrane transporter activity |
ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion |
F |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
See also
References
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