PMID:22131810

Citation	Lakota, K, Resnik, N, Mrak-Poljšak, K, Sodin-Šemrl, S and Veranič, P (2011) Colocalization of serum amyloid a with microtubules in human coronary artery endothelial cells. J. Biomed. Biotechnol. 2011:528276
Abstract	Serum amyloid A (SAA) acts as a major acute phase protein and represents a sensitive and accurate marker of inflammation. Besides its hepatic origin, as the main source of serum SAA, this protein is also produced extrahepatically. The mRNA levels of SAA become significantly elevated following proinflammatory stimuli, as well as, are induced through their own positive feedback in human primary coronary artery endothelial cells. However, the intracellular functions of SAA are so far unknown. Colocalization of SAA with cytoskeletal filaments has previously been proposed, so we analyzed the colocalization of SAA with all three cytoskeletal elements: actin filaments, vimentin filaments, and microtubules. Immunofluorescent double-labeling analyses confirmed by PLA method revealed a strict colocalization of SAA with microtubules and a very infrequent attachment to vimentin while the distribution of actin filaments appeared clearly separated from SAA staining. Also, no significant colocalization was found between SAA and endomembranes labeled with the fluorescent lipid stain DiO₆. However, SAA appears to be located also unbound in the cytosol, as well as inside the nucleus and within nanotubes extending from the cells or bridging neighboring cells. These different locations of SAA in endothelial cells strongly indicate multiple potential functions of this protein.
Links	PubMed PMC3205747 Online version:10.1155/2011/528276
Keywords	Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism; Actin Cytoskeleton/ultrasonography; Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure; Coronary Vessels/cytology; Coronary Vessels/metabolism; Cytosol/ultrastructure; Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Humans; Inflammation/metabolism; Microtubules/metabolism; Microtubules/ultrastructure; Serum Amyloid A Protein/chemistry; Serum Amyloid A Protein/metabolism; Staining and Labeling; Vimentin/metabolism; Vimentin/ultrastructure
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
HUMAN:SAA1		GO:0005881: cytoplasmic microtubule	ECO:0000314:		C		Fig. 1 C and E	complete CACAO 6705
HUMAN:SAA1	part_of	GO:0005881: cytoplasmic microtubule	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		C		Seeded From UniProt	complete

References

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