PMID:19332816

Citation	Mongkolthanaruk, W, Robinson, C and Moir, A (2009) Localization of the GerD spore germination protein in the Bacillus subtilis spore. Microbiology (Reading, Engl.) 155:1146-51
Abstract	The GerD protein of Bacillus subtilis is required for efficient spore germination in l-alanine, and for germination in the alternative germinant combination of amino acids plus sugars. Only germination via nutrient receptors is affected in the mutant. The GerD protein is predicted to be a lipoprotein that is produced in the forespore compartment of the sporulating cell. Using antibody raised against the GerD protein, Western blots of proteins from spore fractions revealed that, as might be expected, the protein was detected in the inner membrane of spores, but it was also present at a high level in spore integuments (comprising coat, cortex and germ cell wall layers), and to some extent in the soluble fraction. It is likely that the GerD protein in the outer layers of dormant spores is located in the germ cell wall, as it was detected in coat-defective spores, and in the cell wall fraction of cells that were outgrowing from spores. Which of the multiple locations of GerD is important for its function is not known, but the inner membrane association would be appropriate for any interaction with germinant receptor proteins or SleB cortex lytic enzyme. Substitution of alanine for cysteine in the conserved cleavage site of the predicted prelipoprotein signal sequence of GerD resulted in mutant spores that lacked the GerD protein entirely.
Links	PubMed Online version:10.1099/mic.0.023853-0
Keywords	Bacillus subtilis/genetics; Bacillus subtilis/metabolism; Bacillus subtilis/physiology; Bacillus subtilis/ultrastructure; Bacterial Proteins/genetics; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism; Blotting, Western; Cell Fractionation/methods; Cell Membrane/metabolism; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Mutation; Signal Transduction; Spores, Bacterial/metabolism; Spores, Bacterial/physiology; Spores, Bacterial/ultrastructure
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
BACSU:GERD	part_of	GO:0031160: spore wall	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		C		Seeded From UniProt	complete
BACSU:GERD		GO:0031160: spore wall	ECO:0000314:		C		Figure 2. "Detection of GerD protein in Spore fractions" - described in materials and methods.	complete CACAO 10526
BACSU:GERD		GO:0005886: plasma membrane	ECO:0000314:		C		Figure 2. "Detection of GerD protein in spore fractions" described in materials and methods. Discussions aids in interpretation - "The data presented here demonstrate that the GerD protein is present in the spore in the inner membrane, and that it is also present at very significant levels in the integument fraction"	complete CACAO 10527
BACSU:GERD	part_of	GO:0005886: plasma membrane	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		C		Seeded From UniProt	complete

References

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