PMID:18945840

Citation	Chalmers, G, Bruce, HL, Hunter, DB, Parreira, VR, Kulkarni, RR, Jiang, YF, Prescott, JF and Boerlin, P (2008) Multilocus sequence typing analysis of Clostridium perfringens isolates from necrotic enteritis outbreaks in broiler chicken populations. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46:3957-64
Abstract	Clostridium perfringens is an important pathogen of animals and humans and is the causative agent of necrotic enteritis (NE) in poultry. This study focuses on the typing of intestinal C. perfringens isolates (n = 61) from outbreaks of NE collected from several areas of Southern Ontario, using a recently developed multilocus sequence typing (MLST) technique. For comparison, C. perfringens isolates from healthy birds were also obtained and typed. An additional locus, the pfoS locus, was included in our analysis, in an attempt to increase the discriminatory ability of the method previously published. Birds were collected from two major poultry processors in Canada, and isolates from processor 2 formed a distinct MLST cluster. Isolates from healthy birds also collected from the outbreak flocks clustered together with isolates from the birds with NE. Although isolates from eight outbreaks clustered together, MLST types were also occasionally different between outbreaks. Strong linkage disequilibrium was observed between loci, suggesting a clonal C. perfringens population structure. Detection assays for toxin genes cpb2 (beta-2 toxin), tpeL, and the newly described netB (NetB toxin) were also performed. netB was almost always found in outbreak isolates, whereas cpb2 was found exclusively in healthy bird isolates. The toxin gene tpeL, which has not been previously identified in C. perfringens type A strains, was also found, but only in the presence of netB. Resistance to bacitracin was found in 34% of isolates from antimicrobial agent-free birds and in 100% of isolates from conventionally raised birds.
Links	PubMed PMC2593256 Online version:10.1128/JCM.01548-08
Keywords	Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology; Bacitracin/pharmacology; Bacterial Toxins/genetics; Bacterial Typing Techniques/methods; Birds; Chickens; Clostridium Infections/epidemiology; Clostridium Infections/microbiology; Clostridium Infections/veterinary; Clostridium perfringens/classification; Clostridium perfringens/genetics; Clostridium perfringens/isolation & purification; Cluster Analysis; DNA Fingerprinting/methods; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry; DNA, Bacterial/genetics; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Enteritis/epidemiology; Enteritis/microbiology; Enteritis/veterinary; Genotype; Ontario/epidemiology; Poultry Diseases/epidemiology; Poultry Diseases/microbiology; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Virulence Factors/genetics
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
DROME:NETB		GO:0009405: pathogenesis	ECO:0000255:	UniProtKB:C8XTG4	P		Figure 1 shows the healthy and diseased avian species that C. perfringens isolates were obtained from after an NE outbreak. PCR testing was carried out and sequence analysis showed that 92% of isolates were positive for netB.	complete CACAO 11406

References

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