PMID:16166384

Citation	Fujita, M and Losick, R (2005) Evidence that entry into sporulation in Bacillus subtilis is governed by a gradual increase in the level and activity of the master regulator Spo0A. Genes Dev. 19:2236-44
Abstract	The transcription factor Spo0A is a master regulator for entry into sporulation in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, but it has been uncertain whether activation of Spo0A is sufficient to trigger development. Spo0A, a member of the response regulator family of gene-control proteins, is activated by phosphorylation via a multicomponent phosphorelay in response to conditions of nutrient limitation. We now report that sporulation can be triggered with high efficiency in cells in the exponential phase of growth in rich medium by artificial induction of the synthesis of any one of three histidine kinases that feed phosphoryl groups into the relay. We further show that the levels of Spo0A protein and activity increase gradually over the first 2 h of sporulation both under conditions of nutrient limitation and in response to induction of kinase synthesis. Evidence indicates that this gradual increase in Spo0A protein and activity plays a critical role in triggering sporulation and requires the action of the phosphorelay.
Links	PubMed PMC1221893 Online version:10.1101/gad.1335705
Keywords	Artificial Gene Fusion; Bacillus subtilis/genetics; Bacillus subtilis/growth & development; Bacillus subtilis/physiology; Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Induction; Fluorescent Dyes; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Isopropyl Thiogalactoside/pharmacology; Kinetics; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Phosphotransferases/biosynthesis; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Kinases/biosynthesis; Pyridinium Compounds; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Spores, Bacterial/physiology; Time Factors; Transcription Factors/metabolism; Transcription, Genetic; beta-Galactosidase/metabolism
edit table

Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
BACSU:SP0A		GO:0000160: two-component signal transduction system (phosphorelay)	ECO:0000315:		P		Figure 2 demostrates that the phoshorelay mode of activating Spo0A is responsible for allowing Spo0A to accumulate in a gradual manner. It is this slow accumulation that plays a critical role in the ability of the regulatory protein to trigger sporulation.	complete
BACSU:KINA	involved_in	GO:0030435: sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
BACSU:KINA		GO:0030435: sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore	ECO:0000315:		P		Figure 4 shows KinA synthesis triggers sporulation early in the exponential phase of growth.	complete CACAO 4786
BACSU:KINA		GO:0016301: kinase activity	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		F		Figure 1 shows that inducing the synthesis of KinA during growth triggers efficient sporulation.	complete

References

See Help:References for how to manage references in GONUTS.