PMID:12374814

Citation	Baichoo, N and Helmann, JD (2002) Recognition of DNA by Fur: a reinterpretation of the Fur box consensus sequence. J. Bacteriol. 184:5826-32
Abstract	Ferric uptake repressor (Fur) proteins regulate the expression of iron homeostasis genes in response to intracellular iron levels. In general, Fur proteins bind with high affinity to a 19-bp inverted repeat sequence known as the Fur box. An alignment of 19 operator sites recognized by Bacillus subtilis Fur revealed a different conserved 15-bp (7-1-7) inverted repeat present twice within this 19-bp consensus sequence. We demonstrated using electrophoretic mobility shift assays that this 7-1-7 inverted repeat comprises a minimal recognition site for high-affinity binding by Fur. The resulting revised consensus sequence is remarkably similar to a related 7-1-7 inverted repeat sequence recognized by PerR, a Fur paralog. Our analysis of the affinity and stoichiometry of DNA binding by B. subtilis Fur, together with a reinterpretation of previously described studies of Escherichia coli Fur, supports a model in which the 19-bp Fur box represents overlapping recognition sites for two Fur dimers bound to opposite faces of the DNA helix. The resulting recognition complex is reminiscent of that observed for the functionally related protein DtxR. Like Fur, DtxR contains a helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif, recognizes a 19-bp inverted repeat sequence, and has a typical DNase I footprint of approximately 30 bp. By envisioning a similar mode of DNA recognition for Fur, we can account for the internal symmetries noted previously within the Fur box, the tendency of Fur to extend into adjacent regions of DNA in a sequence-selective manner, and the observed patterns of DNA protection against enzymatic and chemical probes.
Links	PubMed PMC135393
Keywords	Bacterial Proteins/chemistry; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism; Binding Sites; Crystallography, X-Ray; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry; DNA, Bacterial/metabolism; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Operator Regions, Genetic; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Repressor Proteins/chemistry; Repressor Proteins/metabolism; Transcription Factors
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
BACSU:FUR	enables	GO:0043565: sequence-specific DNA binding	ECO:0001807: electrophoretic mobility shift assay evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
BACSU:FUR	part_of	GO:0032993: protein-DNA complex	ECO:0001807: electrophoretic mobility shift assay evidence used in manual assertion		C		Seeded From UniProt	complete

References

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