PMID:12055286

Citation	Boyd, EF and Waldor, MK (2002) Evolutionary and functional analyses of variants of the toxin-coregulated pilus protein TcpA from toxigenic Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 serogroup isolates. Microbiology (Reading, Engl.) 148:1655-66
Abstract	The toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) is a critical determinant of the pathogenicity of Vibrio cholerae. This bundle-forming pilus is an essential intestinal colonization factor and also serves as a receptor for CTXphi, the filamentous phage that encodes cholera toxin (CT). TCP is a polymer of repeating subunits of the major pilin protein TcpA and tcpA is found within the Vibrio pathogenicity island (VPI). In this study genetic variation at the tcpA locus in toxigenic isolates of V. cholerae was investigated and three novel TcpA sequences from V. cholerae strains V46, V52 and V54, belonging to serogroups O141, O37 and O8, respectively, were identified. These novel tcpA alleles grouped into three distinct clonal lineages. The polymorphisms in TcpA were predominantly located in the carboxyl region of TcpA in surface-exposed regions of TCP fibres. Comparison of the genetic diversity among V. cholerae isolates at the tcpA locus with that of aldA, another locus within the VPI, and mdh, a chromosomal locus, revealed that tcpA sequences are far more diverse than these other loci. Most likely, this diversity is a reflection of diversifying selection in adaptation to the host immune response or to CTXphi susceptibility. An assessment of the functional properties of the variant tcpA sequences in the non-O1 V. cholerae strains was carried out by analysing whether these strains could be infected by CTXphi and colonize the suckling mouse. Similar to El Tor strains of V. cholerae O1, in vitro CTXphi infection of these strains required the exogenous expression of toxT, suggesting that in these strains ToxT regulates TCP expression and that these TcpA variants can serve as CTXphi receptors. All the V. cholerae non-O1 serogroup isolates tested were capable of colonizing the suckling mouse small intestine, suggesting that the different TcpA variants could function as colonization factors.
Links	PubMed
Keywords	Alleles; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Animals, Suckling; Cholera Toxin/biosynthesis; Evolution, Molecular; Fimbriae Proteins/chemistry; Fimbriae Proteins/genetics; Fimbriae Proteins/metabolism; Fimbriae, Bacterial/genetics; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial/genetics; Genetic Variation/genetics; Intestines/microbiology; Mice; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics; Protein Conformation; Vibrio cholerae/classification; Vibrio cholerae/genetics; Vibrio cholerae/isolation & purification; Vibrio cholerae/pathogenicity; Virulence
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
VIBCH:TCPA2		GO:0051701: interaction with host	ECO:0000315:		P		With variant strains of V. Cholera, the TcpA structure is required for intestinal colonization as a colonization factor. TcpA is a critical determinant of the pathogenicity of V. cholerae upon intragastrically inoculating suckling mice(Table 4).	complete CACAO 4657

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