PMID:11260476

Citation	Prouty, MG, Correa, NE and Klose, KE (2001) The novel sigma54- and sigma28-dependent flagellar gene transcription hierarchy of Vibrio cholerae. Mol. Microbiol. 39:1595-609
Abstract	The human pathogen Vibrio cholerae is a highly motile organism by virtue of a polar flagellum. Flagellar transcriptional regulatory factors have been demonstrated to contribute to V. cholerae virulence, but the role these factors play in the transcription hierarchy controlling flagellar synthesis has been unclear. The flagellar genes revealed by the V. cholerae genome sequence are located in three large clusters, with the exception of the motor genes, which are found in three additional locations. It had previously been demonstrated that the alternative sigma factor sigma54 and the sigma54-dependent activators FlrA and FlrC are necessary for flagellar synthesis. The V. cholerae genome sequence revealed the presence of a fliA gene, which is predicted to encode the alternative flagellar sigma factor sigma28. A V. cholerae DeltafliA mutant strain is non-motile, and synthesizes a truncated flagellum. Vibrio cholerae FliA complements both V. cholerae and Salmonella typhimurium fliA mutants for motility, consistent with its function as an alternative flagellar sigma factor. Analysis of lacZ transcriptional fusions of the V. cholerae flagellar promoters in both V. cholerae and S. typhimurium identified sigma28-, sigma54-, FlrA- and FlrC-dependent promoters, as well as promoters that were independent of all these factors. Our results support a model of V. cholerae flagellar gene transcription as a novel hierarchy composed of four classes of genes. Class I is composed solely of the gene encoding the sigma54-dependent activator FlrA, which along with the sigma54-holoenzyme form of RNA polymerase activates expression of Class II genes. These genes include structural components of the MS ring, switch and export apparatus, as well as the genes encoding both FliA and FlrC. FlrC, along with sigma54-holoenzyme, activates expression of Class III genes, which include basal body, hook and filament genes. Finally, sigma28-holoenzyme activates expression of Class IV genes, which include additional filament genes as well as motor genes. Thus, this novel V. cholerae flagellar hierarchy has incorporated elements from both the sigma54-dependent Caulobacter crescentus polar flagellar hierarchy and the sigma28-dependent S. typhimurium peritrichous flagellar hierarchy.
Links	PubMed
Keywords	Bacterial Proteins/classification; Bacterial Proteins/genetics; Chemotactic Factors/genetics; Chemotaxis/genetics; DNA-Binding Proteins; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics; Flagella/genetics; Flagellin; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Gene Order; Mutation; Promoter Regions, Genetic; RNA Polymerase Sigma 54; Salmonella typhimurium/genetics; Sigma Factor/genetics; Transcription, Genetic; Vibrio cholerae/genetics
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
VIBC3:A5F6K0		GO:0048870: cell motility	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		fig. 2: fliA was expressed from an inducible promoter in S. typhimurium and V. cholerae fliA mutants and restored motility. (Code IGI also applies here). fig. 3 fliA mutant has a truncated flagellum. fig. 4. known sigma 28-dependent promoters have little/no activity in a fliA mutant. the promoters are upregulated upon introduction of a fliA overexpression vector.	complete CACAO 4211

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