PMID:8188372

Citation	Jarosik, GP, Sanders, JD, Cope, LD, Muller-Eberhard, U and Hansen, EJ (1994) A functional tonB gene is required for both utilization of heme and virulence expression by Haemophilus influenzae type b. Infect. Immun. 62:2470-7
Abstract	Haemophilus influenzae is nearly unique among facultatively anaerobic bacteria in its absolute requirement for exogenously supplied heme for aerobic growth. In this study, a mutant analysis strategy was used to facilitate identification of H. influenzae cell envelope components involved in the uptake of heme. Chemical mutagenesis was employed to produce a mutant of a nontypeable H. influenzae strain unable to utilize either protein-bound forms of heme or low levels of free heme. This mutant was transformed with a plasmid shuttle vector-based genomic library constructed from the same wild-type nontypeable H. influenzae strain, and a growth selection technique was used to obtain a recombinant clone that could utilize heme. Analysis of the DNA insert in the recombinant plasmid revealed the presence of several open reading frames, one of which encoded a 28-kDa protein with significant similarity to the TonB protein of Escherichia coli. This H. influenzae gene product was able to complement a tonB mutation in E. coli, allowing the E. coli tonB mutant to form single colonies on minimal medium containing vitamin B12. When this H. influenzae gene was inactivated by insertional mutagenesis techniques and introduced into the chromosome of wild-type strains of H. influenzae type b, the resultant transformants lost their abilities to utilize heme and produce invasive disease in an animal model. Genetic restoration of the ability to express this TonB homolog resulted in the simultaneous acquisition of both heme utilization ability and virulence. These results indicate that the H. influenzae TonB protein is required not only for heme utilization by this pathogen in vitro, but also for virulence of H. influenzae type b in an animal model.
Links	PubMed PMC186533
Keywords	Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Bacterial Proteins/genetics; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Escherichia coli Proteins; Genes, Bacterial; Genetic Complementation Test; Haemophilus influenzae/genetics; Haemophilus influenzae/metabolism; Haemophilus influenzae/pathogenicity; Heme/metabolism; Membrane Proteins/genetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Rats; Virulence
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
HAEIN:TONB		GO:0009405: pathogenesis	ECO:0000315:		P		Table 3. Detecting bacteremia in a rat model following intraperitoneal or intranasal inoculation, tonB mutant strains resulted in few or no cases of bacteremia. After transformed with wild-type strain, the only transformants that were virulent had regained wild-type tonB gene function.	complete

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