PMID:2778425

Citation	Tennent, JM, Lyon, BR, Midgley, M, Jones, IG, Purewal, AS and Skurray, RA (1989) Physical and biochemical characterization of the qacA gene encoding antiseptic and disinfectant resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. J. Gen. Microbiol. 135:1-10
Abstract	We have previously cloned a 3.5 kb fragment from the Staphylococcus aureus multiresistance plasmid pSK1 which carries the qacA determinant responsible for linked resistance to acriflavine (Acr), ethidium bromide (Ebr), quaternary ammonium compounds (Qar), propamidine isethionate (Pir), and diamidinodiphenylamine dihydrochloride (Ddr). This report presents a biochemical and physical analysis of qacA and shows the widespread carriage of this gene on S. aureus resistance plasmids. Tn5 insertion mutagenesis defined the extent of qacA to within 2.40 kb of pSK1 DNA. Examination of the expression of insertion and deletion mutants of the cloned qacA sequences in both maxicells and minicells led to the association of a 50 kDa protein, designated QacA, with the AcrEbrQarPirDdr phenotype. Based on fluorimetric and isotopic assays used to determine the extent of accumulation of ethidium bromide by S. aureus strains harbouring pSK1, we propose that the basis of AcrEbrQarPirDdr in S. aureus is a qacA-mediated efflux system.
Links	PubMed
Keywords	Anti-Infective Agents, Local/pharmacology; DNA, Bacterial/analysis; Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics; Ethidium/metabolism; Genes, Bacterial; Peptides/analysis; Plasmids; Restriction Mapping; Staphylococcus aureus/genetics; Staphylococcus aureus/metabolism
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
STAAU:QACA		GO:0046677: antibiotic susceptibility/resistance	ECO:0000315:		P		Figure 4: The addition of sodium formate showed the least amount of fluorescent intensity, compared to the addition of glucose and no addition.	complete

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