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PMID:24642849
| Citation |
'Kim, DS and Hwang, BK (2014) An important role of the pepper phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (PAL1) in salicylic acid-dependent signalling of the defence response to microbial pathogens. J. Exp. Bot. ' |
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| Abstract |
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) has a crucial role in secondary phenylpropanoid metabolism and is one of the most extensively studied enzymes with respect to plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress. Here, we identified the pepper (Capsicum annuum) PAL (CaPAL1) gene, which was induced in pepper leaves by avirulent Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) infection. CaPAL1-silenced pepper plants exhibited increased susceptibility to virulent and avirulent Xcv infection. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypersensitive cell death, expression of the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent marker gene CaPR1, SA accumulation, and induction of PAL activity were significantly compromised in the CaPAL1-silenced pepper plants during Xcv infection. Overexpression (OX) of CaPAL1 in Arabidopsis conferred increased resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis infection. CaPAL1-OX leaves exhibited restricted Pst growth, increased ROS burst and cell death, and induction of PR1 expression and SA accumulation. The increase in PAL activity in healthy and Pst-infected leaves was higher in CaPAL1-OX plants than in wild-type Arabidopsis. Taken together, these results suggest that CaPAL1 acts as a positive regulator of SA-dependent defence signalling to combat microbial pathogens via its enzymatic activity in the phenylpropanoid pathway. |
| Links |
PubMed Online version:10.1093/jxb/eru109 |
| Keywords |
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| edit table |
Significance
Annotations
| Gene product | Qualifier | GO Term | Evidence Code | with/from | Aspect | Extension | Notes | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0009627: systemic acquired resistance |
ECO:0000315: |
P |
Figure 1 shows plants with an empty vector control and silenced CaPAL1 genes infected with Xcv. Plants with silenced CaPAL1 genes had higher levels of leaf lesions, higher Xcv count, and lower induction of PAL-an enzyme induced under stresses including pathogen stress. In figure 4, the salicylic acid levels in these mutants in response to Xcv show the silenced CaPAL1 gene having lower levels of free and total SA compared to control. |
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Notes
As of 4/24/2014, the C. annum proteins studied here are not in UniProt.
See also
References
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