PMID:24323502

Citation	Xue, GP, Sadat, S, Drenth, J and McIntyre, CL (2014) The heat shock factor family from Triticum aestivum in response to heat and other major abiotic stresses and their role in regulation of heat shock protein genes. J. Exp. Bot. 65:539-57
Abstract	Heat shock factors (Hsfs) play a central regulatory role in acquired thermotolerance. To understand the role of the major molecular players in wheat adaptation to heat stress, the Hsf family was investigated in Triticum aestivum. Bioinformatic and phylogenetic analyses identified 56 TaHsf members, which are classified into A, B, and C classes. Many TaHsfs were constitutively expressed. Subclass A6 members were predominantly expressed in the endosperm under non-stress conditions. Upon heat stress, the transcript levels of A2 and A6 members became the dominant Hsfs, suggesting an important regulatory role during heat stress. Many TaHsfA members as well as B1, C1, and C2 members were also up-regulated during drought and salt stresses. The heat-induced expression profiles of many heat shock protein (Hsp) genes were paralleled by those of A2 and A6 members. Transactivation analysis revealed that in addition to TaHsfA members (A2b and A4e), overexpression of TaHsfC2a activated expression of TaHsp promoter-driven reporter genes under non-stress conditions, while TaHsfB1b and TaHsfC1b did not. Functional heat shock elements (HSEs) interacting with TaHsfA2b were identified in four TaHsp promoters. Promoter mutagenesis analysis demonstrated that an atypical HSE (GAACATTTTGGAA) in the TaHsp17 promoter is functional for heat-inducible expression and transactivation by Hsf proteins. The transactivation of Hsp promoter-driven reporter genes by TaHsfC2a also relied on the presence of HSE. An activation motif in the C-terminal domain of TaHsfC2a was identified by amino residue substitution analysis. These data demonstrate the role of HsfA and HsfC2 in regulation of Hsp genes in wheat.
Links	PubMed PMC3904712 Online version:10.1093/jxb/ert399
Keywords	Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Droughts; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects; Genes, Plant; Genes, Reporter; Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry; Heat-Shock Proteins/classification; Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics; Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism; Heat-Shock Response/drug effects; Heat-Shock Response/genetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Multigene Family; Organ Specificity/drug effects; Organ Specificity/genetics; Phylogeny; Plant Proteins/chemistry; Plant Proteins/classification; Plant Proteins/genetics; Plant Proteins/metabolism; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics; Protein Binding/drug effects; Protein Binding/genetics; RNA, Messenger/genetics; RNA, Messenger/metabolism; Sodium Chloride/pharmacology; Stress, Physiological/drug effects; Stress, Physiological/genetics; Trans-Activators/metabolism; Triticum/drug effects; Triticum/genetics; Triticum/physiology; Up-Regulation/drug effects; Up-Regulation/genetics
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
WHEAT:A0A024DB95		GO:0060261: positive regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter	ECO:0000314:		P		Figure 7b TaHsfA2b	complete CACAO 13052
WHEAT:A0A024DAJ6		GO:0060261: positive regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter	ECO:0000314:		P		Common Wheat Figure 7b TaHsfA4e	complete CACAO 13053
WHEAT:A0A024DAP6		GO:0060261: positive regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter	ECO:0000314:		P		Figure 7b TaHsfC2a Triticum aestivum	complete CACAO 13061

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