PMID:24102828

Citation	Redrejo-Rodríguez, M, Muñoz-Espín, D, Holguera, I, Mencía, M and Salas, M (2013) Nuclear and nucleoid localization are independently conserved functions in bacteriophage terminal proteins. Mol. Microbiol. 90:858-68
Abstract	Bacteriophage terminal proteins (TPs) prime DNA replication and become covalently linked to the DNA 5'-ends. In addition, they are DNA-binding proteins that direct early organization of phage DNA replication at the bacterial nucleoid and, unexpectedly, contain nuclear localization signals (NLSs), which localize them to the nucleus when expressed in mammalian cells. In spite of the lack of sequence homology among the phage TPs, these three properties share some common features, suggesting a possible evolutionary common origin of TPs. We show here that NLSs of three different phage TPs, Φ29, PRD1 and Cp-1, are mapped within the protein region required for nucleoid targeting in bacteria, in agreement with a previously proposed common origin of DNA-binding domains and NLSs. Furthermore, previously reported point mutants of Φ29 TP with no nuclear localization still can target the bacterial nucleoid, and Cp-1 TP contains two independent NLSs, only one of them required for nucleoid localization. Altogether, our results show that nucleoid and nucleus localization sequence requirements partially overlap, but they can be uncoupled, suggesting that conservation of both features could have a common origin but, at the same time, they have been independently conserved during evolution.
Links	PubMed Online version:10.1111/mmi.12404
Keywords	Amino Acid Motifs; Animals; Bacillus Phages/metabolism; Bacteriophage PRD1/genetics; Bacteriophage PRD1/metabolism; Bacteriophages/genetics; Bacteriophages/metabolism; COS Cells; Cell Nucleus/genetics; Cell Nucleus/metabolism; Cercopithecus aethiops; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics; DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology; Escherichia coli/genetics; Escherichia coli/metabolism; Evolution, Molecular; Nuclear Localization Signals; Point Mutation; Viral Proteins/chemistry; Viral Proteins/genetics; Viral Proteins/metabolism
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
BPCP1:TERM		GO:0043590: bacterial nucleoid	ECO:0007107: yellow fluorescent protein fusion protein localization evidence used in manual assertion		C		Figure 5C shows that the terminal protein (TP) of bacteriophage Cp-1 targets the E. coli nucleoid region. Organism: Streptococcus phage Cp-1 (Bacteriophage Cp-1)	complete CACAO 13813
BPCP1:TERM		GO:0090143: nucleoid organization	ECO:0001174: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining evidence used in manual assertion		P		Figure 5C shows that the terminal protein (TP) of bacteriophage Cp-1 targets the E. coli nucleoid region. Organism: Streptococcus phage Cp-1 (Bacteriophage Cp-1)	complete
BPGA1:Q9FZW9		GO:0043590: bacterial nucleoid	ECO:0007107: yellow fluorescent protein fusion protein localization evidence used in manual assertion		C		Figure 2 shows that the terminal proteins (TP) of bacteriophage phi-29-related phage GA-1 targets the E. coli nucleoid. Organism: Bacillus phage GA-1 (Bacteriophage GA-1)	complete CACAO 13815
BPNF:B7SSM3		GO:0043590: bacterial nucleoid	ECO:0007107: yellow fluorescent protein fusion protein localization evidence used in manual assertion		C		Figure 2 shows that the terminal proteins (TP) of bacteriophage phi-29-related phage Nf targets the E. coli nucleoid. Organism: Bacillus phage Nf (Bacteriophage Nf)	complete CACAO 13816
BPPH2:TERM		GO:0043590: bacterial nucleoid	ECO:0007107: yellow fluorescent protein fusion protein localization evidence used in manual assertion		C		Figure 2 shows that the primer terminal protein (TP) of Bacteriophage phi-29 targets the E. coli nucleoid.	complete CACAO 13812

References

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