PMID:23020757

Citation	Chen, R, Liu, C, Zheng, W, Wang, J, Zhao, X and Shao, H (2012) Adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) promotes cell proliferation in insect development. BMC Mol. Biol. 13:31
Abstract	ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) is a phosphotransferase that catalyzes the reversible reaction 2ADP(GDP) [left right arrow] ATP(GTP) + AMP and influences cellular energy homeostasis. However, the role of AK2 in regulating cell proliferation remains unclear because AK2 has been reported to be involved in either cell proliferation or cell apoptosis in different cell types of various organisms. RESULTS: This study reports AK2 promotion of cell proliferation using the lepidopteran insect Helicoverpa armigera and its epidermal cell line HaEpi as models. Western blot analysis indicates that AK2 constitutively expresses in various tissues during larval development. Immunocytochemistry analysis indicates that AK2 localizes in the mitochondria. The recombinant expressed AK2 in E. coli promotes cell growth and viability of HaEpi cell line by 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. AK2 knockdown in larvae by RNA interference causes larval growth defects, including body weight decrease and development delay. AK2 knockdown in larvae also decreases the number of circulating haemocytes. The mechanism for such effects might be the suppression of gene transcription involved in insect development caused by AK2 knockdown. CONCLUSION: These results show that AK2 regulates cell growth, viability, and proliferation in insect growth and development.
Links	PubMed Online version:10.1186/1471-2199-13-31
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
HELAM:I1XB05		GO:0016049: cell growth	ECO:0000315:		P		Figure 3b shows the function of AK2 in promoting cell growth and viability	complete CACAO 5223
HELAM:I1XB05		GO:0035172: hemocyte proliferation	ECO:0000315:		P		Figure 5 shows that AK2 is necessary for the proliferation of circulating haemocytes.	complete CACAO 5224
HELAM:I1XB05	involved_in	GO:0016049: cell growth	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
HELAM:I1XB05	involved_in	GO:0035172: hemocyte proliferation	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete

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