PMID:21266508

Citation	Osto, M, Zini, E, Franchini, M, Wolfrum, C, Guscetti, F, Hafner, M, Ackermann, M, Reusch, CE and Lutz, TA (2011) Subacute endotoxemia induces adipose inflammation and changes in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in cats. Endocrinology 152:804-15
Abstract	Acute inflammation in humans is associated with transient insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidemia. Chronic low-grade inflammation is a pathogenic component of IR and adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity-induced type 2 diabetes. Because feline diabetes closely resembles human type 2 diabetes, we studied whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced subacute inflammation, in the absence of obesity, is the potential primary cause of IR and metabolic disorders. Cats received increasing iv doses (10-1000 ng/kg(-1) · h(-1)) of LPS (n = 5) or saline (n = 5) for 10 d. Body temperature, proinflammatory and metabolic markers, and insulin sensitivity were measured daily. Tissue mRNA and protein expression were quantified on d 10. LPS infusion increased circulating and tissue markers of inflammation. Based on the homeostasis model assessment, endotoxemia induced transient IR and β-cell dysfunction. At the whole-body level, IR reverted after the 10-d treatment; however, tissue-specific indications of IR were observed, such as down-regulation of adipose glucose transporter 4, hepatic peroxisome proliferative activated receptor-γ1 and -2, and muscle insulin receptor substrate-1. In adipose tissue, increased hormone-sensitive lipase activity led to reduced adipocyte size, concomitant with increased plasma and hepatic triglyceride content and decreased total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Prolonged LPS-induced inflammation caused acute IR, followed by long-lasting tissue-specific dysfunctions of lipid-, glucose-, and insulin metabolism-related targets; this ultimately resulted in dyslipidemia but not whole-body IR. Endotoxemia in cats may provide a promising model to study the cross talk between metabolic and inflammatory responses in the development of adipose tissue dysfunction and IR.
Links	PubMed Online version:10.1210/en.2010-0999
Keywords	Adipose Tissue/physiopathology; Animals; Cats; Endotoxemia/chemically induced; Endotoxemia/metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation; Inflammation/chemically induced; Insulin Resistance; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Lipid Metabolism/physiology; Lipopolysaccharides; Lipoproteins/metabolism; Male
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