GONUTS has been updated to MW1.31 Most things seem to be working but be sure to report problems.
PMID:21124838
| Citation |
Wakakuwa, M, Terakita, A, Koyanagi, M, Stavenga, DG, Shichida, Y and Arikawa, K (2010) Evolution and mechanism of spectral tuning of blue-absorbing visual pigments in butterflies. PLoS ONE 5:e15015 |
|---|---|
| Abstract |
The eyes of flower-visiting butterflies are often spectrally highly complex with multiple opsin genes generated by gene duplication, providing an interesting system for a comparative study of color vision. The Small White butterfly, Pieris rapae, has duplicated blue opsins, PrB and PrV, which are expressed in the blue (λ(max) = 453 nm) and violet receptors (λ(max) = 425 nm), respectively. To reveal accurate absorption profiles and the molecular basis of the spectral tuning of these visual pigments, we successfully modified our honeybee opsin expression system based on HEK293s cells, and expressed PrB and PrV, the first lepidopteran opsins ever expressed in cultured cells. We reconstituted the expressed visual pigments in vitro, and analysed them spectroscopically. Both reconstituted visual pigments had two photointerconvertible states, rhodopsin and metarhodopsin, with absorption peak wavelengths 450 nm and 485 nm for PrB and 420 nm and 482 nm for PrV. We furthermore introduced site-directed mutations to the opsins and found that two amino acid substitutions, at positions 116 and 177, were crucial for the spectral tuning. This tuning mechanism appears to be specific for invertebrates and is partially shared by other pierid and lycaenid butterfly species. |
| Links |
PubMed PMC2991335 Online version:10.1371/journal.pone.0015015 |
| Keywords |
Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Butterflies/genetics; Butterflies/metabolism; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Evolution, Molecular; Female; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Immunoblotting; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Phylogeny; Protein Structure, Secondary; Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism; Retinal Pigments/chemistry; Retinal Pigments/genetics; Retinal Pigments/metabolism; Rod Opsins/classification; Rod Opsins/genetics; Rod Opsins/metabolism; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Spectrophotometry/methods |
| edit table |
Significance
Annotations
| Gene product | Qualifier | GO Term | Evidence Code | with/from | Aspect | Extension | Notes | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0009881: photoreceptor activity |
ECO:0000314: |
F |
Figure 1B, shows that the gene-product, when bound to 11-cis retinal, absorbs light, which induces a change to all trans-retinal and the resulting absorbance spectrum of the protein. |
complete | ||||
|
enables |
GO:0009881: photoreceptor activity |
ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion |
F |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
| GO:0009881: photoreceptor activity |
ECO:0000314: |
F |
Figure 1C (small lower right box), shows the absorbance spectra of the gene product, when bound to the chromophore 11-cis retinal, before and after photoactivation with light. |
complete | ||||
|
enables |
GO:0009881: photoreceptor activity |
ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion |
F |
Seeded From UniProt |
complete | |||
See also
References
See Help:References for how to manage references in GONUTS.
