PMID:19417056

Citation	Wuriyanghan, H, Zhang, B, Cao, WH, Ma, B, Lei, G, Liu, YF, Wei, W, Wu, HJ, Chen, LJ, Chen, HW, Cao, YR, He, SJ, Zhang, WK, Wang, XJ, Chen, SY and Zhang, JS (2009) The ethylene receptor ETR2 delays floral transition and affects starch accumulation in rice. Plant Cell 21:1473-94
Abstract	Ethylene regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development in dicotyledonous plants; however, its roles in monocotyledonous plants are poorly known. Here, we characterized a subfamily II ethylene receptor, ETHYLENE RESPONSE2 (ETR2), in rice (Oryza sativa). The ETR2 receptor with a diverged His kinase domain is a Ser/Thr kinase, but not a His kinase, and can phosphorylate its receiver domain. Mutation of the N box of the kinase domain abolished the kinase activity of ETR2. Overexpression of ETR2 in transgenic rice plants reduced ethylene sensitivity and delayed floral transition. Conversely, RNA interference (RNAi) plants exhibited early flowering and the ETR2 T-DNA insertion mutant etr2 showed enhanced ethylene sensitivity and early flowering. The effective panicles and seed-setting rate were reduced in the ETR2-overexpressing plants, while thousand-seed weight was substantially enhanced in both the ETR2-RNAi plants and the etr2 mutant compared with controls. Starch granules accumulated in the internodes of the ETR2-overexpressing plants, but not in the etr2 mutant. The GIGANTEA and TERMINAL FLOWER1/CENTRORADIALIS homolog (RCN1) that cause delayed flowering were upregulated in ETR2-overexpressing plants but downregulated in the etr2 mutant. Conversely, the alpha-amylase gene RAmy3D was suppressed in ETR2-overexpressing plants but enhanced in the etr2 mutant. Thus, ETR2 may delay flowering and cause starch accumulation in stems by regulating downstream genes.
Links	PubMed PMC2700534 Online version:10.1105/tpc.108.065391
Keywords	Amino Acid Sequence; Binding Sites; Ethylenes/metabolism; Flowers/genetics; Flowers/growth & development; Flowers/metabolism; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oryza sativa/genetics; Oryza sativa/growth & development; Oryza sativa/metabolism; Phosphorylation; Plant Proteins/chemistry; Plant Proteins/genetics; Plant Proteins/physiology; Plants, Genetically Modified/growth & development; Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism; Protein Structure, Tertiary; RNA Interference; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology; Sequence Alignment; Starch/metabolism; alpha-Amylases/genetics; alpha-Amylases/metabolism
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
ORYSJ:ETR2		GO:0009723: response to ethylene stimulus	ECO:0000315:		P		Figure 3 C and D show altered response to ethylene in ETR2 overexpressors.	complete CACAO 5549
ORYSJ:ETR2		GO:2000904: regulation of starch metabolic process	ECO:0000315:		P		Figure 6A shows ETR2 overexpresssors have increased starch storage in its internodes, and etr2 mutants have reduced starch storage in the first internode.	complete CACAO 5550
ORYSJ:ETR2		GO:0006355: regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent	ECO:0000315:		P		Figure 7 shows ETR2 over and under expressing mutants have altered levels of gene transcription.	complete CACAO 5551
ORYSJ:ETR2		GO:0004674: protein serine/threonine kinase activity	ECO:0000314:		F		Figure 2F	complete CACAO 5548
ORYSJ:ETR2	enables	GO:0004674: protein serine/threonine kinase activity	ECO:0000314: direct assay evidence used in manual assertion		F		Seeded From UniProt	complete
ORYSJ:ETR2	involved_in	GO:0009723: response to ethylene	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
ORYSJ:ETR2	involved_in	GO:2000904: regulation of starch metabolic process	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete
ORYSJ:ETR2	involved_in	GO:0006355: regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete

References

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