PMID:19357192

Citation	Ellefson, ML and McNally, FJ (2009) Kinesin-1 and cytoplasmic dynein act sequentially to move the meiotic spindle to the oocyte cortex in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol. Biol. Cell 20:2722-30
Abstract	During female meiosis in animals, the meiotic spindle is attached to the egg cortex by one pole during anaphase to allow selective disposal of half the chromosomes in a polar body. In Caenorhabditis elegans, this anaphase spindle position is achieved sequentially through kinesin-1-dependent early translocation followed by anaphase-promoting complex (APC)-dependent spindle rotation. Partial depletion of cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain by RNA interference blocked spindle rotation without affecting early translocation. Dynein depletion also blocked the APC-dependent late translocation that occurs in kinesin-1-depleted embryos. Time-lapse imaging of green fluorescent protein-tagged dynein heavy chain as well as immunofluorescence with dynein-specific antibodies revealed that dynein starts to accumulate at spindle poles just before the initiation of rotation or late translocation. Accumulation of dynein at poles was kinesin-1 independent and APC dependent, just like dynein driven spindle movements. This represents a case of kinesin-1/dynein coordination in which these two motors of opposite polarity act sequentially and independently on a cargo to move it in the same direction.
Links	PubMed PMC2688551 Online version:10.1091/mbc.E08-12-1253
Keywords	Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans/embryology; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics; Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolism; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/metabolism; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism; Cytoplasm/metabolism; Cytoplasmic Dyneins; Dyneins/genetics; Dyneins/metabolism; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism; Immunohistochemistry; Kinesin/genetics; Kinesin/metabolism; Meiosis/genetics; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Microtubules/metabolism; Mitotic Spindle Apparatus/metabolism; Models, Biological; Mutation; Oocytes/cytology; Oocytes/metabolism; RNA Interference; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism; Tubulin/genetics; Tubulin/metabolism; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes/genetics; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes/metabolism
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