PMID:19132874

Citation	Gao, X, Brodhagen, M, Isakeit, T, Brown, SH, Göbel, C, Betran, J, Feussner, I, Keller, NP and Kolomiets, MV (2009) Inactivation of the lipoxygenase ZmLOX3 increases susceptibility of maize to Aspergillus spp. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 22:222-31
Abstract	Plant and fungal lipoxygenases (LOX) catalyze the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, creating fatty-acid hydroperoxides (oxylipins). Fungal oxylipins are required for normal fungal development and secondary metabolism, and plant host-derived oxylipins interfere with these processes in fungi, presumably by signal mimicry. The maize LOX gene ZmLOX3 has been implicated previously in seed-Aspergillus interactions, so we tested the interactions of a mutant maize line (lox3-4, in which ZmLOX3 is disrupted) with the mycotoxigenic seed-infecting fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus nidulans. The lox3-4 mutant was more susceptible than wild-type maize to both Aspergillus species. All strains of A. flavus and A. nidulans produced more conidia and aflatoxin (or the precursor sterigmatocystin) on lox3-4 kernels than on wild-type kernels, in vitro and under field conditions. Although oxylipins did not differ detectably between A. flavus-infected kernels of the lox3-4 and wild-type (WT) maize, oxylipin precursors (free fatty acids) and a downstream metabolite (jasmonic acid) accumulated to greater levels in lox3-4 than in WT kernels. The increased resistance of the lox3-4 mutant to other fungal pathogens (Fusarium, Colletotrichum, Cochliobolus, and Exserohilum spp.) is in sharp contrast to results described herein for Aspergillus spp., suggesting that outcomes of LOX-governed host-pathogen interactions are pathogen-specific.
Links	PubMed Online version:10.1094/MPMI-22-2-0222
Keywords	Aflatoxins/biosynthesis; Aspergillus/growth & development; Aspergillus/physiology; Cyclopentanes/analysis; Disease Susceptibility; Enzyme Activation; Fatty Acids/analysis; Lipid Metabolism; Lipoxygenase/genetics; Lipoxygenase/metabolism; Mutation/genetics; Oxylipins/analysis; Oxylipins/metabolism; Phenotype; Plant Diseases/microbiology; Plant Proteins/genetics; Plant Proteins/metabolism; Spores, Fungal/enzymology; Sterigmatocystin/biosynthesis; Zea mays/enzymology; Zea mays/microbiology
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
MAIZE:Q9AXG8		GO:1900179: positive regulation of aflatoxin biosynthetic process	ECO:0000315:		P		Figure 2	complete CACAO 5658
MAIZE:Q9AXG8		GO:0050832: defense response to fungus	ECO:0000315:		P		Figure 1 shows increased colonization by Aspergillus flavus in lox3 mutants.	complete CACAO 5492
MAIZE:Q9AXG8	involved_in	GO:0050832: defense response to fungus	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete

References

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