PMID:18202440

Citation	Schroeder, GN and Hilbi, H (2008) Molecular pathogenesis of Shigella spp.: controlling host cell signaling, invasion, and death by type III secretion. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 21:134-56
Abstract	Shigella spp. are gram-negative pathogenic bacteria that evolved from harmless enterobacterial relatives and may cause devastating diarrhea upon ingestion. Research performed over the last 25 years revealed that a type III secretion system (T3SS) encoded on a large plasmid is a key virulence factor of Shigella flexneri. The T3SS determines the interactions of S. flexneri with intestinal cells by consecutively translocating two sets of effector proteins into the target cells. Thus, S. flexneri controls invasion into EC, intra- and intercellular spread, macrophage cell death, as well as host inflammatory responses. Some of the translocated effector proteins show novel biochemical activities by which they intercept host cell signal transduction pathways. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying Shigella pathogenesis will foster the development of a safe and efficient vaccine, which, in parallel with improved hygiene, should curb infections by this widespread pathogen.
Links	PubMed PMC2223840 Online version:10.1128/CMR.00032-07
Keywords	Bacterial Proteins/genetics; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism; Biological Evolution; Biological Transport/physiology; Cell Death; Dysentery, Bacillary/microbiology; Epithelial Cells/metabolism; Epithelial Cells/microbiology; Humans; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism; Locomotion; Macrophages/microbiology; Macrophages/physiology; Shigella/genetics; Shigella/metabolism; Shigella/pathogenicity; Signal Transduction; Virulence; Virulence Factors/genetics; Virulence Factors/metabolism
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