PMID:17932488

Citation	Leonardy, S, Freymark, G, Hebener, S, Ellehauge, E and Søgaard-Andersen, L (2007) Coupling of protein localization and cell movements by a dynamically localized response regulator in Myxococcus xanthus. EMBO J. 26:4433-44
Abstract	Myxococcus xanthus cells harbor two motility machineries, type IV pili (Tfp) and the A-engine. During reversals, the two machineries switch polarity synchronously. We present a mechanism that synchronizes this polarity switching. We identify the required for motility response regulator (RomR) as essential for A-motility. RomR localizes in a bipolar, asymmetric pattern with a large cluster at the lagging cell pole. The large RomR cluster relocates to the new lagging pole in parallel with cell reversals. Dynamic RomR localization is essential for cell reversals, suggesting that RomR relocalization induces the polarity switching of the A-engine. The analysis of RomR mutants shows that the output domain targets RomR to the poles and the receiver domain is essential for dynamic localization. The small GTPase MglA establishes correct RomR polarity, and the Frz two-component system regulates dynamic RomR localization. FrzS localizes with Tfp at the leading pole and relocates in an Frz-dependent manner to the opposite pole during reversals; FrzS and RomR localize and oscillate independently. The Frz system synchronizes these oscillations and thus the synchronous polarity switching of the motility machineries.
Links	PubMed PMC2034494 Online version:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601877
Keywords	Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry; Bacterial Proteins/physiology; GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism; Models, Biological; Models, Genetic; Molecular Sequence Data; Movement; Mutation; Myxococcus xanthus/metabolism; Oscillometry; Phenotype; Phosphorylation; Plasmids/metabolism; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
MYXXD:MGLA		GO:0032880: regulation of protein localization	ECO:0000315:		P		Figure 5.	complete CACAO 8268
MYXXD:MGLA	involved_in	GO:0032880: regulation of protein localization	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete

References

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