PMID:17557828

Citation	Makhlin, J, Kofman, T, Borovok, I, Kohler, C, Engelmann, S, Cohen, G and Aharonowitz, Y (2007) Staphylococcus aureus ArcR controls expression of the arginine deiminase operon. J. Bacteriol. 189:5976-86
Abstract	We identified a single open reading frame that is strongly similar to ArcR, a member of the Crp/Fnr family of bacterial transcriptional regulators, in all sequenced Staphylococcus aureus genomes. The arcR gene encoding ArcR forms an operon with the arginine deiminase (ADI) pathway genes arcABDC that enable the utilization of arginine as a source of energy for growth under anaerobic conditions. In this report, we show that under anaerobic conditions, S. aureus growth is subject to glucose catabolic repression and is enhanced by arginine. Likewise, glucose and arginine have reciprocal effects on the transcription of the arcABDCR genes. Furthermore, we show using a mutant deleted for arcR that the transcription of the arc operon under anaerobic conditions depends strictly on a functional ArcR. These findings are supported by proteome analyses, which showed that under anaerobic conditions the expression of the ADI catabolic proteins depends on ArcR. Bioinformatic analysis of S. aureus ArcR predicts an N-terminal nucleotide binding domain and a C-terminal helix-turn-helix DNA binding motif. ArcR binds to a conserved Crp-like sequence motif, TGTGA-N(6)-TCACA, present in the arc promoter region and thereby activates the expression of the ADI pathway genes. Crp-like sequence motifs were also found in the regulatory regions of some 30 other S. aureus genes mostly encoding anaerobic enzymatic systems, virulence factors, and regulatory systems. ArcR was tested and found to bind to the regulatory regions of four such genes, adh1, lctE, srrAB, and lukM. In one case, for lctE, encoding l-lactate dehydrogenase, ArcR was able to bind only in the presence of cyclic AMP. These observations suggest that ArcR is likely to play an important role in the expression of numerous genes required for anaerobic growth.
Links	PubMed PMC1952046 Online version:10.1128/JB.00592-07
Keywords	Arginine/metabolism; Bacterial Proteins/physiology; DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Hydrolases/genetics; Hydrolases/metabolism; Multigene Family; Operon/genetics; Staphylococcus aureus/genetics; Staphylococcus aureus/metabolism; Transcription, Genetic
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Annotations

Gene product	Qualifier	GO Term	Evidence Code	with/from	Aspect	Extension	Notes	Status
STAA8:ARCR		GO:0006355 : regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent	ECO:0000315:		P		Figure 3 shows that arcR is responsible for the transcription of genes within the arc operon under anaerobic conditions.	complete CACAO 4296
STAA8:ARCR		GO:1900079 : regulation of arginine biosynthetic process	ECO:0000315:		P		Figure 3 shows that arcR regulates the arginine biosynthetic process by controlling transcription of the arc operon.	complete CACAO 4291
STAA8:ARCR	involved_in	GO:0006355: regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	ECO:0000315: mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion		P		Seeded From UniProt	complete

References

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