PMID:17351116

Citation	Hernández-Blanco, C, Feng, DX, Hu, J, Sánchez-Vallet, A, Deslandes, L, Llorente, F, Berrocal-Lobo, M, Keller, H, Barlet, X, Sánchez-Rodríguez, C, Anderson, LK, Somerville, S, Marco, Y and Molina, A (2007) Impairment of cellulose synthases required for Arabidopsis secondary cell wall formation enhances disease resistance. Plant Cell 19:890-903
Abstract	Cellulose is synthesized by cellulose synthases (CESAs) contained in plasma membrane-localized complexes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, three types of CESA subunits (CESA4/IRREGULAR XYLEM5 [IRX5], CESA7/IRX3, and CESA8/IRX1) are required for secondary cell wall formation. We report that mutations in these proteins conferred enhanced resistance to the soil-borne bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum and the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina. By contrast, susceptibility to these pathogens was not altered in cell wall mutants of primary wall CESA subunits (CESA1, CESA3/ISOXABEN RESISTANT1 [IXR1], and CESA6/IXR2) or POWDERY MILDEW-RESISTANT5 (PMR5) and PMR6 genes. Double mutants indicated that irx-mediated resistance was independent of salicylic acid, ethylene, and jasmonate signaling. Comparative transcriptomic analyses identified a set of common irx upregulated genes, including a number of abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive, defense-related genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the synthesis and activation of antimicrobial secondary metabolites. These data as well as the increased susceptibility of ABA mutants (abi1-1, abi2-1, and aba1-6) to R. solanacearum support a direct role of ABA in resistance to this pathogen. Our results also indicate that alteration of secondary cell wall integrity by inhibiting cellulose synthesis leads to specific activation of novel defense pathways that contribute to the generation of an antimicrobial-enriched environment hostile to pathogens.
Links	PubMed PMC1867366 Online version:10.1105/tpc.106.048058
Keywords	Abscisic Acid/pharmacology; Arabidopsis/enzymology; Arabidopsis/genetics; Arabidopsis/immunology; Arabidopsis/microbiology; Biological Factors; Cell Wall/drug effects; Cell Wall/metabolism; Cyclopentanes/pharmacology; Ethylenes/pharmacology; Fungi/physiology; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects; Genes, Plant; Glucosyltransferases/metabolism; Immunity, Innate/drug effects; Models, Biological; Mutation/genetics; Oxylipins; Plant Diseases/immunology; Salicylic Acid/pharmacology; Signal Transduction/drug effects; Up-Regulation/drug effects
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