GONUTS has been updated to MW1.31 Most things seem to be working but be sure to report problems.

Have any questions? Please email us at ecoliwiki@gmail.com

PMID:16987870

From GONUTS
Jump to: navigation, search
Citation

Fairbank, PD, Lee, C, Ellis, A, Hildebrand, JD, Gross, JM and Wallingford, JB (2006) Shroom2 (APXL) regulates melanosome biogenesis and localization in the retinal pigment epithelium. Development 133:4109-18

Abstract

Shroom family proteins have been implicated in the control of the actin cytoskeleton, but so far only a single family member has been studied in the context of developing embryos. Here, we show that the Shroom-family protein, Shroom2 (previously known as APXL) is both necessary and sufficient to govern the localization of pigment granules at the apical surface of epithelial cells. In Xenopus embryos that lack Shroom2 function, we observed defects in pigmentation of the eye that stem from failure of melanosomes to mature and to associate with the apical cell surface. Ectopic expression of Shroom2 in naïve epithelial cells facilitates apical pigment accumulation, and this activity specifically requires the Rab27a GTPase. Most interestingly, we find that Shroom2, like Shroom3 (previously called Shroom), is sufficient to induce a dramatic apical accumulation of the microtubule-nucleating protein gamma-tubulin at the apical surfaces of naïve epithelial cells. Together, our data identify Shroom2 as a central regulator of RPE pigmentation, and suggest that, despite their diverse biological roles, Shroom family proteins share a common activity. Finally, because the locus encoding human SHROOM2 lies within the critical region for two distinct forms of ocular albinism, it is possible that SHROOM2 mutations may be a contributing factor in these human visual system disorders.

Links

PubMed Online version:10.1242/dev.02563

Keywords

Animals; Epithelial Cells/chemistry; Epithelial Cells/metabolism; Eye/embryology; Eye/ultrastructure; GTP Phosphohydrolases/genetics; GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism; Melanosomes/chemistry; Melanosomes/genetics; Melanosomes/metabolism; Organogenesis/genetics; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/chemistry; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/embryology; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/ultrastructure; Pigmentation/genetics; Tubulin/analysis; Tubulin/metabolism; Xenopus/embryology; Xenopus/genetics; Xenopus/metabolism; Xenopus Proteins/analysis; Xenopus Proteins/genetics; Xenopus Proteins/physiology

Significance

Annotations

Gene product Qualifier GO ID GO term name Evidence Code with/from Aspect Notes Status


See also

References

See Help:References for how to manage references in GONUTS.