PMID:15809059

Citation	Mindrescu, C, Le, J, Wisniewski, HG and Vilcek, J (2005) Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by TSG-6 protein in macrophage cell line. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 330:737-45
Abstract	TNF-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) encodes a 35 kDa inducible secreted glycoprotein important in inflammation and female fertility. Previous studies have shown that TSG-6 has anti-inflammatory activity in models of acute and chronic inflammation. In the present study, we show that treatment of the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line with TSG-6 protein up-regulates the expression of inducible cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in inflammation and immune responses. This action of TSG-6 protein was abolished by heat denaturation, trypsin digestion, or anti-TSG-6 antibodies. TSG-6 treatment also resulted in a rapid increase in COX-2 mRNA levels, suggesting that TSG-6 up-regulates COX-2 gene expression. Up-regulation of COX-2 was accompanied by an increase in the production of prostaglandins, especially PGD2. As the PGD2 metabolite, 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-PGJ2, can act as a negative regulator of inflammation, these TSG-6 actions may explain, at least in part, the anti-inflammatory effect of TSG-6 observed in the intact organism.
Links	PubMed Online version:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.040
Keywords	Animals; Cell Adhesion Molecules/pharmacology; Cell Line; Cyclooxygenase 2; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects; Humans; Macrophages/drug effects; Macrophages/enzymology; Macrophages/secretion; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/genetics; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism; Prostaglandins/secretion; RNA, Messenger/genetics; RNA, Messenger/metabolism; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology; Serum; Up-Regulation/drug effects
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