PMID:15759005

Citation	Inoue, N, Ikawa, M, Isotani, A and Okabe, M (2005) The immunoglobulin superfamily protein Izumo is required for sperm to fuse with eggs. Nature 434:234-8
Abstract	Representing the 60 trillion cells that build a human body, a sperm and an egg meet, recognize each other, and fuse to form a new generation of life. The factors involved in this important membrane fusion event, fertilization, have been sought for a long time. Recently, CD9 on the egg membrane was found to be essential for fusion, but sperm-related fusion factors remain unknown. Here, by using a fusion-inhibiting monoclonal antibody and gene cloning, we identify a mouse sperm fusion-related antigen and show that the antigen is a novel immunoglobulin superfamily protein. We have termed the gene Izumo and produced a gene-disrupted mouse line. Izumo-/- mice were healthy but males were sterile. They produced normal-looking sperm that bound to and penetrated the zona pellucida but were incapable of fusing with eggs. Human sperm also contain Izumo and addition of the antibody against human Izumo left the sperm unable to fuse with zona-free hamster eggs.
Links	PubMed Online version:10.1038/nature03362
Keywords	Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cricetinae; Crosses, Genetic; Female; Gene Deletion; Heterozygote; Homozygote; Humans; Immunoglobulins/chemistry; Immunoglobulins/deficiency; Immunoglobulins/genetics; Immunoglobulins/metabolism; Infertility, Male/genetics; Male; Membrane Proteins/chemistry; Membrane Proteins/deficiency; Membrane Proteins/genetics; Membrane Proteins/metabolism; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Ovum/physiology; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; Sperm-Ovum Interactions/physiology; Spermatozoa/physiology
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