PMID:15494482

Citation	Ozaki, K, Spolski, R, Ettinger, R, Kim, HP, Wang, G, Qi, CF, Hwu, P, Shaffer, DJ, Akilesh, S, Roopenian, DC, Morse, HC 3rd, Lipsky, PE and Leonard, WJ (2004) Regulation of B cell differentiation and plasma cell generation by IL-21, a novel inducer of Blimp-1 and Bcl-6. J. Immunol. 173:5361-71
Abstract	IL-21 is a type I cytokine whose receptor is expressed on T, B, and NK cells. Within the B cell lineage, IL-21 regulates IgG1 production and cooperates with IL-4 for the production of multiple Ab classes in vivo. Using IL-21-transgenic mice and hydrodynamics-based gene delivery of IL-21 plasmid DNA into wild-type mice as well as in vitro studies, we demonstrate that although IL-21 induces death of resting B cells, it promotes differentiation of B cells into postswitch and plasma cells. Thus, IL-21 differentially influences B cell fate depending on the signaling context, explaining how IL-21 can be proapoptotic for B cells in vitro yet critical for Ag-specific Ig production in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrate that IL-21 unexpectedly induces expression of both Blimp-1 and Bcl-6, indicating mechanisms as to how IL-21 can serve as a complex regulator of B cell maturation and terminal differentiation. Finally, BXSB-Yaa mice, which develop a systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease, have greatly elevated IL-21, suggesting a role for IL-21 in the development of autoimmune disease.
Links	PubMed
Keywords	Animals; Apoptosis/genetics; Apoptosis/immunology; B-Cell-Specific Activator Protein; B-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology; B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology; B-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism; Cell Division/genetics; Cell Division/immunology; Cell Separation; Cells, Cultured; DNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors; DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis; Humans; Immunoglobulin Class Switching/genetics; Interleukins/biosynthesis; Interleukins/genetics; Interleukins/physiology; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology; Lymphocyte Count; Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Mutant Strains; Mice, Transgenic; Plasma Cells/cytology; Plasma Cells/immunology; Plasma Cells/metabolism; Proteoglycans/biosynthesis; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6; Repressor Proteins/biosynthesis; Spleen/anatomy & histology; Spleen/cytology; Spleen/immunology; Syndecans; Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors; Transcription Factors/biosynthesis; Up-Regulation/immunology
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