PMID:15256571

Citation	Kapatral, V, Campbell, JW, Minnich, SA, Thomson, NR, Matsumura, P and Prüss, BM (2004) Gene array analysis of Yersinia enterocolitica FlhD and FlhC: regulation of enzymes affecting synthesis and degradation of carbamoylphosphate. Microbiology (Reading, Engl.) 150:2289-300
Abstract	This paper focuses on global gene regulation by FlhD/FlhC in enteric bacteria. Even though Yersinia enterocolitica FlhD/FlhC can complement an Escherichia coli flhDC mutant for motility, it is not known if the Y. enterocolitica FlhD/FlhC complex has an effect on metabolism similar to E. coli. To study metabolic gene regulation, a partial Yersinia enterocolitica 8081c microarray was constructed and the expression patterns of wild-type cells were compared to an flhDC mutant strain at 25 and 37 degrees C. The overlap between the E. coli and Y. enterocolitica FlhD/FlhC regulated genes was 25 %. Genes that were regulated at least fivefold by FlhD/FlhC in Y. enterocolitica are genes encoding urocanate hydratase (hutU), imidazolone propionase (hutI), carbamoylphosphate synthetase (carAB) and aspartate carbamoyltransferase (pyrBI). These enzymes are part of a pathway that is involved in the degradation of L-histidine to L-glutamate and eventually leads into purine/pyrimidine biosynthesis via carbamoylphosphate and carbamoylaspartate. A number of other genes were regulated at a lower rate. In two additional experiments, the expression of wild-type cells grown at 4 or 25 degrees C was compared to the same strain grown at 37 degrees C. The expression of the flagella master operon flhD was not affected by temperature, whereas the flagella-specific sigma factor fliA was highly expressed at 25 degrees C and reduced at 4 and 37 degrees C. Several other flagella genes, all of which are under the control of FliA, exhibited a similar temperature profile. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that temperature regulation of flagella genes might be mediated by the flagella-specific sigma factor FliA and not the flagella master regulator FlhD/FlhC.
Links	PubMed Online version:10.1099/mic.0.26814-0
Keywords	Bacterial Proteins/genetics; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism; Carbamyl Phosphate/metabolism; Culture Media; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism; Escherichia coli Proteins; Flagella/physiology; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Mutation; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Temperature; Trans-Activators/genetics; Trans-Activators/metabolism; Yersinia enterocolitica/enzymology; Yersinia enterocolitica/genetics; Yersinia enterocolitica/growth & development; Yersinia enterocolitica/metabolism
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