PMID:12915482

Citation	Itier, JM, Ibanez, P, Mena, MA, Abbas, N, Cohen-Salmon, C, Bohme, GA, Laville, M, Pratt, J, Corti, O, Pradier, L, Ret, G, Joubert, C, Periquet, M, Araujo, F, Negroni, J, Casarejos, MJ, Canals, S, Solano, R, Serrano, A, Gallego, E, Sanchez, M, Denefle, P, Benavides, J, Tremp, G, Rooney, TA, Brice, A and Garcia de Yebenes, J (2003) Parkin gene inactivation alters behaviour and dopamine neurotransmission in the mouse. Hum. Mol. Genet. 12:2277-91
Abstract	Mutations of the parkin gene are the most frequent cause of early onset autosomal recessive parkinsonism (EO-AR). Here we show that inactivation of the parkin gene in mice results in motor and cognitive deficits, inhibition of amphetamine-induced dopamine release and inhibition of glutamate neurotransmission. The levels of dopamine are increased in the limbic brain areas of parkin mutant mice and there is a shift towards increased metabolism of dopamine by MAO. Although there was no evidence for a reduction of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in the parkin mutant mice, the level of dopamine transporter protein was reduced in these animals, suggesting a decreased density of dopamine terminals, or adaptative changes in the nigrostriatal dopamine system. GSH levels were increased in the striatum and fetal mesencephalic neurons from parkin mutant mice, suggesting that a compensatory mechanism may protect dopamine neurons from neuronal death. These parkin mutant mice provide a valuable tool to better understand the preclinical deficits observed in patients with PD and to characterize the mechanisms leading to the degeneration of dopamine neurons that could provide new strategies for neuroprotection.
Links	PubMed Online version:10.1093/hmg/ddg239
Keywords	Alleles; Animals; Base Sequence; Behavior, Animal/drug effects; Body Temperature/genetics; Body Weight/genetics; Catecholamines/antagonists & inhibitors; Cells, Cultured; Dopamine/metabolism; Dopamine/pharmacokinetics; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology; Exons; Female; Gene Silencing; Homozygote; Introns; Male; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Monoamine Oxidase/metabolism; Neurons/drug effects; Neurons/metabolism; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors/metabolism; Sequence Deletion; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism; alpha-Methyltyrosine/pharmacology
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